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Manning in 1865, and chief diocesan secretary two years later, in succession to Canon John Morris, the well-known writer, who then entered the Society of Jesus. He was made provost under Cardinal Bourne in 1903, and vicar-general in 1004. On the petition of the bishops of England, he was consecraled Hishoj) of Arindela in lOOti. After his death lie was suc- ceeded as provost of the cliapter by Mgr. Patrick Fenton, who had been president of St. Edmund's College from 1882 to 1887, vicar-general from 1900, and auxiliarj' bishop from 1904.

III. Diocesan Institctions, etc.- — The Cathedral, built in the Byzantine style, was begun in 1895, opened in 190.3, consecrated in 1910 (see Westmin- ster Cathedral). The Westminster Mission was started in 1792, with a Catholic population of about 500. The Horseferry Road Chapel, opened in 1813, served this very poor district until 1903.

The Diocesan Seminary is at St. Edmund's College, Ware, founded in the last decade of the eighteenth century (see Old Hall).

Colleges and Boys' Schools. — Besides the diocesan college and seminary at Ware, and the foreign mis- sionary college at iVIill Hill, there are: a training college for men teachers in elementary schools, and nine other institutions engaged in secondary educa- tion, all but two of which are conducted by clergj- or religious. For Girls, there are 37 convent schools, three schools under secular teachers, and one training college for teachers.

Public Elementary Schools number 116, of which 104 (including 199 departments) receive Government grants. In 1910-11 there were 36,902 children on the books of these schools. In 1900 the numbers were 27,779; 21,315 in 1890; 11,145 in 1865. In 1849 the year before the estabhshment of the hierarchy, there were only 8445 in all the Catholic schools in England.

Residential Institutions for Poor Children. — (1) Schools certified by Government : one reformatory, two industrial schools, ten schools for Poor-Law chil- dren, and five schools for ophthalmic, feeble-minded, crippled, or epileptic children. (2) Homes and Or- phanages under the Rescue Society: four homes for boys and one for girls, with one home in Canada for emigrated children, under the Catholic Emigration Association. (3) Other Homes: three for boys and ten for girls.

Charities. — There are 35 homes and orphanages for poor children, nine refuges for penitents, one night refuge, four asylums and three almshouses for aged poor, and si.x hospitals. Much work is done amongst the poor by the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, the Ladies of Charity, and other organizations of the laity. Other societies watch over the interests of certain classes. Such are: the Converts' Aid Society (for convert clergymen), the Catholic Soldiers' and Sea- men's Associations, the Prisoners' Aid Society, the International Catholic Society for befriending girls.

Periodicals. — "The Tablet", a weekly newspaper and review, is the chief Catholic paper in England. Founded in 1840 by Mr. Frederick Lucas as the organ of the English Cathohcs, it emigrated to Dublin for a time in 1849. Mr. John Wallis brought it back to London and edited it until 1868, when it was bought by Father Herbert (afterwards Cardinal) Vaughan. The "Dubhn Review" was started in 1S35, as "the Catholic rival of the Whig "Edinburgh " and the Tor>' "Quarterly". Cardinal Wi.scman was to all intents the literary editor till 1863, when it passed into the hands of W. G. Ward. Bi.shop (afterwards Cardinal) Vaughan became owner in 1879, and Bishop Hedley edited it until 1884, when Bishop Vaughan took over the editorship himself. Mgr. Canon Cloves w!is ed- itor from 1892 until the appointment of Mr. Wilfrid Ward by Cardinal Bourne in 1906. The "Catholic Directory", published annually at Westminster, .sup- phes a guide to the varied activities of the Church in

Great Britain. It is a development of the "Ordo recilandi" and the "Laity's Directory" (started in 1793), and appeared for the first time in its present form in 1S3S.

Rrh'ipiDts ('(imiini)iities. — Men: Augustinians, Au- gust iniaiis iif the .A.-^suinption, Benedictines, Canons Regular of the Lateran, Discalced Carmehtes, Cath- olic Missionary Society, Congregation of the Mission, Dominicans, Fathers of Charity, Friars Minor, Hijos Missionarios del Corazon Immac. de Maria, Institute of St. Andrew, Jesuits, Marist Fathers, Missionaries of the Sacred Heart, Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Oblates of St. Charles, Oratorians, Pas- sionists. Pious Society of Missions, Redemptorists, Fathers of St. Edmund (Pontigny), St. Joseph's Society for Foreign Missions, Salesians, Salvatorians, Servites, Ale.xian Brothers, Brothers of Mercy, Marist Brothers. Women: Adoration of the Sacred Heart, Adoration Reparatrice, Assumption, Bon Secours, Bon Secours (of Troyes), Canones.sesof St. Augustine, Canonesses of the Holy Sepulchre, Carmelites, Dames Bernardines, Dames de Nazareth, Daughters of the Cross, Dominicans, English Institute of the B.V.M., Faithful Companions, Filles de J6sus, Franciscans, Good Shepherd, Handmaids of the Sacred Heart, Helpers of the Holy Souls, Holy Child, Immaculate Conception, Our Lady of the Retreat, Institut Normal de Paris, Jesus and Mary, Little Company of Mary, Little Sisters of the Assumption, Little Sisters of the Poor, Marie Auxiliatrice, Marie Repara- trice, Marist Sisters, Most Holy Cross and Passion, Most Holy Sacrament, Notre Dame, Notre Dame de Sion, Poor Clares, Poor Handmaids of Jesus, Poor Servants of the Mother of God, Poor Sisters of Naza- reth, Filles de La Sagesse, Sainte Union, Servants of the Sacred Heart, Servites Siervas de Maria, Sisters of Charity (4 congregations with 17 convents). Sisters of Hope, of Mary and Joseph, of Mcrcv, of Providence, of St. Chr6tienne, of St. Jo.seph, of St. Alartha, of St. Mar- tin, of St. Mary, of the Christian Retreat, of the Holy Family, of the Poor Child Jesus, of the Sacred Heart, of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, Society of the Sacred Heart, Socurs de Misericorde, Ursulines, Ursulines of Jesus, Visitation.

Statistics. — Priests, 540 (ISO regulars), 184 churches. 30 communities of men, 161 communities of women. Catholic population, 250,000 out of a total population of 5,467,768.

Archives of the Diocese of Westminster; Laity's Directory, and Catholic Directory (London, I79;j-l!)12): Brady, Episcopal Succession in England (Rome. 1876); Burton, Life and Times of Bishop Challoner (London, 1909); B. Ward, Dawn of the Catholic Reviml (London, 1909); Idem, Eie of Catholic Emancipation (London, 1911); Idem. Catholic London a Century ago (London, 1905): Harting. Catholic London Missions (London, 1903); Wiseman, Religious and .Social Position of Catholics (Dublin, 1864); Wauoh, These my Little Ones (London. 1911); W. Ward, Life and Times of Cardinal Wiseman (I,ondon. 1900); PuRCELL, Life of Cardinal Manning (London, is'",: I'kismens^, Life of Cardinal Manning (1896, tr. 1897); > .: > I ,, I .: fr of Cardinal Vaughan (London. 1910); Saj/ini7.'< 'i;, /' ' irdinal Bourne

(London. 1911); Report of the 19th Km l.,n-, ,',, i \'njTc3s (London, 1909); Fitzgerald, Fifty Years of Cnlhulir Life and Progress (London, 1901).

ARTHtTR J. HeTHEHINGTON.

Westminster, Matthkw of, the name given to the sujiposed .author of a well-known English chron- icle, the " Flores Histori.anim". The misunderstand- ing regarding this im.aginary pcrson.age originated in the title of a rather late nianus(Tipt of this history (Cotton, Claudius, E, 8) which describes the work a.s "liber qui Flores Hi.storianim intitulatur secundum Mattha'um rnon.achum We.<tmoniisterienseni". This seems to be due to the bhmder of some copyist, who, perceiving that the latter j)art of the chronicle was written at Westminster while the greater portion followed the history of Matthew Paris, concluded that the said Matthew was himself a monk of West- minster. The "Flores Historiarum" in its fullest form extends from the Creation to 1326, but many