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singular veneration. Paul V, Gregory XV, and Urban left two unpublished MSS. on the Divine Office now VIII had shown her great kindness and spoken in in the British Museum, one on the pope's supremacy praise of her work, and in 1G29 she was allowed to in the possession of Mr. Gillow, one on the history of plead her own cause in person before the congregation England, and others, of cardinals appointed by Urban to e.xamine it. The "Jesuitesses", as her congregation was designated by her opponents, were suppressed in 1630.

Her work however was not destroyed. It revived gradually and developed, following the general Unes of the first scheme. The second institute was at length approved as to its rule by Clement XI in 1703, and as an institute by Pius IX in 1877.

At the express desire of Pope Urban Mary went to

Li/e of Thomas Ward, prefixed to the Controversy with Mr. Rilschel (.Manchester, 1819); Dodd, Church History, III (Brussels and Wolverhampton. 1742); Calholicon, IV, 195; Cotton, Rhemcs and Douay (Oxford, 1855) ; Cooper, in Diet. Nat. Biog.,

a. v.; Gillow, Bibl. Did. Eng. Cath., s. v. Edwin Bdrton.

Ward, William, Vener.^ble (real name Webster),

b. at Thornby in Westmoreland, about 1.560: martvred at Tyburn, 26 July, 1641. He was over forty when he

Rome, and there as she gathered around her the went to Douay to study for the priesthood but no younger members of her religious family, under the details have been preserved of his earlier Ufe. He supervision and protection of the Holy See, the new arrived there on 18 September, 1604; received the

institute took shape. In 1639. with letters of introduction from Pope Urban to Queen Henrietta Maria, Mary returned to England and established her- self in London. In 1642 she journeyed northward with her household and took up her abode at Heworth, near York, where she died. The stone over her grave in the village churchyard of Osbaldwick is preserved to this day.

For the history of the institute subsequent to the death of Mary Ward, see Institdte of Mary.

Chambers, Life of Mary Ward (London, 18S5) ; Salome, Mother M. Mary Ward, A Foundress of the Seven- teenth Century (London, 1901) ; Mor- ris, The Life of Mary Ward in The Month, LV. The oldest sources for the history of Mary Ward are the MS. Uves by Wigmore (English), Pageti (Italian, 1662. Nvmohenburg Ar- chives). BissEL (Latin, 1667 or 1668, of which there is a copy in the Westminster Diocesan Archives), Lohner (Ger- man, 1689. Nymphenburg Archives). The most important of printed Lives are: Khamm (1717); Fridl (c. 1727), and BocHiNOER. j^_ LoYOLA.

minor orders on 16 December, 1605; the subdiaconate on 26 Octolser, 1607; the diaconate on 31 May, 1608; and the priest- hood on the following day. On 14 October he started for Eng- land, but was driven on to the shores of Scotland, arrested and imprisoned for three years. On obtaining his liberty he came to England where he laboured for thirty years, twenty of which he spent in various prisons as a confessor for the Faith. He was of zealous and fiery tempera- ment, severe with himself and others, and especially devoted to hearing confessions. Though he had the reputation of being a very exacting director his earnestness drew to him many penitents. So mortified was his personal life and so secret his numerous charities that he was even accused of avarice. He was in London when Parliament issued the proclamation of 7 ONE OF Mary Ward, Osbaldwick April, 1641, banishing all priests CnnRCHYABD, near York ^^f^^y. p^in of death, but refused

Ward, Thomas, b. at Danby Castle near Guis- to retire, and on 15 Julv was arrested in the house of borough, Yorkshu-e, 13 April, 1652; d. at St-Germain, his nephew. Six davs 'later he was brought to trial France, 1708. He was the son of a farmer and was at the Old Bailey and was condemned on 23 July, educated as a Presbyterian at Pickering School. He suffered on the feast of St. Anne to whom he ever Henry Wharton asserted that he had been a Cam- had a great devotion. An oil portrait, painted shortly bridge scholar but this is not certain. Having acted after the martyrdom from memory or possiblv from for a time as private tutor he was led by his theological an earlier sketch, is preserved at St. Edinund's studies to become a Cathohc. He travelled in France College, Old Hall.

and Italy, and for five or six years held a commission Third Douay Diary in Cath. Rec. Soc, X (London, 1911): in the papal guard, seeing service against the Turks. Challoner, Memoirs of Mi.isionary_ Priests (London, 1741-2)

using contemporary account written by one of Ward's penitents,

Edwin Burton.

On the accession of James II (1688) he returned to England and employed his learning in controversy.

His most popular work, "England's Reformation", Ward, William George, an English writer and

is a poem in four cantos in the metre of "Hudibras". convert, eldest son of William Ward, Esq., b. in Lon-

It first appeared posthumously in 1710, and since don, 21 March, 1812; d. 6 Julv, 1SS2. He was

then ill several editions. His "Errata to the Protes- educated at Winchester College and at Christ Church,

tant Bible", based on Gregory Martin's work on the Oxford, matriculated at the university in 1830.

same subject, has been frequently republished since Though he confessed to a lack of ai)preci'ation of the

Its appearance in 1688, once with a preface by Lingard finer branches of letters and poetry, he took a second

(1810). Bishop Milner wrote a pamphlet to defend class in them .is well as in matheinatics in 1S34. He

itfromoneof the Protestant attacks which its republi- was a musician of no small attainments, a di.stin-

calion_ early iii the nineteenth century provoked, guished mathematician, and a profound philosopher

His other works were: "Speculum Eccle.siast icum " (London, 1086?); "Some Queries to the Protestants" (London, 1687); "Monomachia" (London, 1678), written against .Vrchbishop Tcnison, as also was "The Koiiian (';itholic Soldier's Letter" (London, 1688). He also pulilishcd in 1688 in two broadsheets an epitome of church history, under the title "The Tree of Life". "The Controversy of Ordination truly stated" (London, 1719) and "Controversy with Mr. Ritschel" (1819) were posthumous works. He

In

of

ed, though there is no lack of a straightforward rugged elegance in his writings, e.sjiecially in those iter date, his metaphysical bia.s may be always rec|;nize(l. In 1.S33 he w;ts elected to a scholarship at Lincoln College and, in the following year, was ad- mitted to the degree of B..\. and became a fellow of Balliol College, subsequently taking orders. .Vs m.'itliematical tutor at the latter college he fimnd him- self in a position in which his strong intellectual in- fluence soon became a power in the university. His