Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 15.djvu/589

 WALOECE

527

WALDENSES

translation of the remains to Eichstadt on 21 Sept. of the same year. They were placed in the Church of Holy Cross, now called St. Walburga's. In 893 Bishop Erehanbold, Otkar's successor, opened the shrine to take out a portion of the relics for Liubula, Abbess of Monheim, and it was then that the body was first discovered to be immersed in a precious oil or dew, which from that day to this (save during a period when Eichstadt was laid under interdict, and when blood was shed in the church by robbers who seriously wounded the bell-ringer) has continued to flow from the sacred remains, especially the breast. This fact has caused St. Walburga to be reckoned among the EloEophori, or oil-yielding saints (see Oil of Saints). Portions of St. Walburga's relics have been taken to Cologne, Antwerp, Fumes, and elsewhere, whilst her oil has been carried to all quarters of the globe.

The various translations of St. Walburga's relics have led to a diversity of feasts in her honour. In the Roman MartjTologj' she is commemorated on 1 May, her name being hnked with St. Asaph's, on which day her chief festival is celebrated in Belgium and Bavaria. In the Benedictine Breviary her feast is assigned to 2.5 (in leap year 26) Feb. She is represented in the Benedictine habit with a httle phial or bottle; as an abbess with a crozier, a crown at her feet, denoting her royal birth; sometimes she is represented in a group with St. Philip and St. James the Less, and St. Sigis- mund. King of Burgundy, because she is said to have been canonized by Pope Adrian II on 1 May, the fes- tival of these saints. If, however, as some maintain, she was canonized during the episcopate of Erehan- bold, not in Otkar's, then it could not have been dur- ing the pontificate of Adrian II. The Benedictine community of Eichstadt is flourishing, and the nuns have care of the saint's shrine; that of Heiden- heim wa-s ruthlessly expelled in 153S, but the church is now in Catholic hands.

Butler, hires of the Saints (London, 1833): Hope, The Con- version of the Teutonic Race, II (London): Lives of the English Saints, II (London, 1844): Acta SS.. Ill Feb.: Mabillon, Ada SS. Bened.. Ill, ii, 287-308; P. L., CXXIX, 866-898: CXL, 1091-1102: Seiters, Bonifacius, iler Apostel der Deutschen (Mainz, 1&45); Ozanam, Etudes germaniques, II.

Gertrude Casanova.

Waldeck (or Waldeck-Ptrmont), Principality OF, a state of the German Empire, with an area of 433 square miles; in 1910 it had 61,723 inhabitants; in 1905, 59,127. The principaUtj' consists of two parts: (1) the southern principality, called Waldeck, sur- rounded by the Prussian Provinces of Hesse-Nassau and Westphalia, and having an area of 407 square miles, with a population, in 1905, of 49,965; (2) the northern principality, called Pyrmont, surrounded by the Principality of Lippe, the Duchy of Brunswick, and the Prussian Province of Hanover, with an area of 26 square miles and a population, in 1905, of 9162. The entire principahtv contained, in 1905: 56,.341 Protestants; 1890, or 2 per cent, Catholics; and 629 Jews. The countrj' is named from the fortified castle of Waldeck situated on the Eider, ,a western branch of the Fulda. About 11.50 Widukind V of Schwalcnberg took the castle and called himself Count of Waldeck. From 1438 Waldeck was a fief of Hesse, a relation virtually dissolved by the Confed- eration of the Rhine in 1806, and finally in 1846 by a decision of the Diet of the German Confederation. In 1631, when the Countship of Gleichen became extinct, the Countship of Pj-rmont fell to Waldeck. In the war of 1866, between Prussia and Austria, Waldeck supported Prussia and entered the North German Confederation. The administration was transferred to Prussia b}' the Treaty of Accessionof 1867. In 1877 this treaty wa.s renewed for ten years, and in 1887 for an indefinite period, subject to two years' notice of abrogation. Since 1893 the ruler ha."! been Prince Friedrich (b. 186.5).

Before the great religious schism of the ebrteenth

century Waldeck belonged in ecclesiastical matters partly to the Archdiocese of Cologne, partly to the Diocese of Paderborn, while scattered parishes also belonged to the Archdiocese of Mainz. The new doc- trine was introduced into the country in 1527-43 by Count Philip III. The Cathohc Faith was main- tained longest in the town of Korbach (until 1543). A portion of the Countship of Dudinghausen, con- sisting of the parish of Ebbe with the townships of Hillershausen and Niederschleidern, was annexed by an agreement with its feudal lord, the Archbishop of Cologne. Thus Waldeck once more had a Catholic parish. Even now, the townships of Ebbe and Hillers- hausen are almost entirely, while Niederschleidern is still half, CathoUc. The ecclesia-stical jurisdic- tion over the parish of Ebbe was retained by the Archbishop of Cologne, but in 1821 the BuU "De salute animarum" transferred it to the Bishop of Paderborn. Waldeck received another Catholic parish in 1900, that of Arolsen, a settlement estab- hshed by Prince Friedrich Anton Ulrich. A third parish, Korbach, was formed in 1911,

The Principality of PjTmont was in the Middle Ages a fief of the bishops of Paderborn. It became entirely Protestant. Towards the end of the eigh- teenth centurj' Franciscans from Llidge held missions there during the season of the year when it was fre- quented as a watering-place. In 18.53 the State permit- ted regular Sunday services, and in 1861 the parish of P_\Tmont wiis formed. Before appointing a parish priest the bishop must present the name of one candi- date to the Government of Waldeck, or, in the case of Arolsen, the names of two candidates. The Gov- ernment has the right of objecting to each appoint- ment. The candidate must swear to observe the Constitution of Waldeck. The stipends of the priests are paid out of the revenue of the church fund, the church taxes, and allowances made by the Gov- ernment and the prince. The houses of female orders are: at Arolsen an institution for preparing communicants called the St. Marienstift, conducted by Sisters of St. Vincent from Paderborn; at Bad Wildungen, a lodging-house and sanitarium, called St. Liboriushaus, conducted by Franciscan Nuns; in Pyrmont, St. Georgstift conducted by Franciscan Nuns. There are no male orders, nor are there any state laws as to the admission of orders. The Cath- ohc community is increased in summer by the nu- merous Polish agricultural labourers and in Pyrmont and Bad Wildungen by a large number of visitors for the cures. The pubhc primary schools are Lutheran. In places where there is a Catholic minority, the Catholics may demand the opening of a Catholic public school at the pubhc expense, if for the last previous ten years there have been on an average at least fifty Catholic children of school-age. There have been three Cathohc primary public schools since the middle of the seventeenth centun,': at Ebbe, in 1910 (70 pupils^ at Hillershausen (42 pupils), and at Niederschleidern (16 pupils). In 1911 there was added to these three the Cathohc school at Arolsen, which was founded in 1845 and had been until 1911 a private school. The Catholic school in Pyrmont, open since 1882 (49 children), is supported by the Catholic parish. Since 1911 a Cathohc primary school (40 children) has existed at Korbach.

Wagner, Geschirhte Waldecks und Pyrmonls (Wildungen, 1888) ; ScHULTZE, Wahlccksche Reformationsgrschichle (Leipzig, 1902), Protestant: Freisen, Stoat und kath. Kirche in den devUchm Bundesstaaten, I (Stuttgart, 1906), 2^3 sqq.

Hermann Sacher.

Walden CWaiidensis), Thomas. See Netter, Thomas.

Waldenses (Waldensians), an heretical sect which appe:ired in the second half of the twelfth century and, in a considerably modified form, haa survived to the present day.