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 TRAPANI

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TRAPEZOPOLIS

covered verj' quickly in the fourteenth century. The Bee was again imperilled by the ad\ance of the Turks, but its decay did not set in until the sixteenth cen- turj% and was caused by the progress of Lutheranism, in consequence of which the exempt provostship of Szeben ceased to exist, and by intcnial disturbances in Transylvania. It flourislicil again under Cardinal Martinuzzi, but after his assassination in 1551 it de- cayed rapidly. The ad\-ance of Protestantism led, in 1556, to the secularization of the see, which was, how- ever, re-established by Prince Stephen Bathorj-. After the coming of the .Jesuits the Catholic P'aith flour- ished again, but only while the house of Bathorj- con- tinued to nde. Bishop Demetrius Ndprdgj-i was forced to leave the see, and in 1601 the cathedral of Gyula-Feh^rvdr, which had been founded in the thir- teenth centurj', wa,s taken and held by the Protes- tants until the eighteenth century, the Catholics not regaining possession of it until the reign of Charles III. When the Principality of Transylvania lost its in- dependence, the decrees against the Catholic Church were withdrawn, but the bishopric and chapter were not re-established until 1713. The succession to the see had been kept up regularly till 171.3, but the bishops resided abroad. The exempt provostship of .Szeben was incorjiorated in the bisliopric, which was completely restored under Maria Theresa in 1771. Of the bishops, who Klled the see after 1713, the fol- lowing mav be mentioned: Ignatius Count Batthydny (1780-98), who founded the librarj- at Gyula-Feh^f- vdr, which is named after him; Alexander Rudnay (1816-19), later .Archbishop of Gran; Ixjuis Haynald (1852-64), afterwards .\rchbishop of Kalocsa. Count Gustavus Majldth has occupied the episcopal see since 1897. The diocese contains: 16 archdeaconries; 10 titular abbeys; 2 titular provostships; 229 parishes; 398 secular priests; 226 regular clergj-; 30 monasteries of men and 17 convents of nuns; the Catholics num- ber 354,145. There are 103 patrons. The chapter consists of 10 active members and of 6 titular canons. Cathohcs are to a certain extent autonomous, i. e., certain church and school matters are m.anaged by mixed boards, partly clerical, partly lay. This auton- omy dates back to the time of the Reformation; it ceased in 1767 with the establishment of the Com- missio catholica by Maria Theresa, and was re-estab- lished as late as 1873. The control is exercised by the general assembly of the Catholic estates and a manag- ing committee.

Pbat, Specimen hierarrhiir Hnngarim, II (Pozsony, 1776-9). 202-8: SzERED.\l. Series antiq. et recent, episcop. Transsylvanice (Gyula-Feh«rv4r. 1790); Sehematismua diacesis Tr. pro 1909: A kalolikus Magyarorazdg (i. e. Catholic Hungary) (Budapest'.

A. jCldA.st.

Trapani, Diocese op (Trepanensis), in Sicily, suffragan of Palermo. The city is the capital of "a Sicilian province situated on a tongue of land at the most western part of the island, shaped like a reaping- hook, hence the ancient nnme Drepanon (reaping-hook). It has a good harbour with e\-ports of wine, acid fniits, fish (e-specially tunny-fish), salt, and ornamentsofcor.al! alaba-ster, and mother-of-pearl, which are extensively manufactured. The cathedral, exteriorly resembling a fortress, contains paintings by Carec.a and Vandyke (Crucifixion), and a statue of the De.ad Christ" in alabaster by T.artaglia. Other churches are: San Michele, with wooden statuary, and the sanctuary of the Annunziata outside the citv, with a colossal statue of the Madonna, attributed to Nicold Pisano. In the Jesuit church, called " Xazion.ale". are precious pic- tures by Morrealese, Sp.agnoletto, and Marabiti. The ancient college, now a lyceum, contains the Far- delliona Gallery, with valuable paintings by Reni, Luca Giordano, Caravaggio, Salvator Rosa, Guer- cino, etc. Trapani is the birthplace of Carrera and Errante the painters, Ximenes the mathematician.

Scarlatti the musician, and the Carmelite St. Alberto degli Abbati. Excavations have proved that the shore about Trapani was inhabited during the Stone .\ g e. Drepanon must have been founded by the Greeks, but fell under the sway of the Carthaginians. Hamilcar fortified the port against the Romans, who in 250 suffered a severe defeat near by, at the hands of Adherbal. In the vicinity is Mons Eryx (now San Giuliano), with a magnificent temple of Venus and many votive offerings. Under the Romans the temple fell into decay, but was re- stored by Tibe- rius. Trapani was sacked by the Moors in 1077. In 1282 Pedro III of Aragon landed there to begin the capture of the island. In 1314 it was besieged by Rob- ert, King of Naples. Charles V fortified it. The city bo.-usts of having received the Go.spel from St. Paul; it is not known to have had any bishop before the

The Cathedra

S. Giuliano, XII Centoby

.A.rab conquest of Sicily; certainly it was subject to tlie See of Mazzarafrom the Norman Conquest till 1S44. Its first bishop was the Redemptorist Vincenzo M. Marolda.

Cappellf.tti. Le chiese d'llalia, XXI. 556.

U. Benioni. Trapezopolis, a titular see in Phrygia P.ac.a1i.aii;i, suffragan to ]>aodicea. Trapezopolis" was a town of