Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 15.djvu/46

 TRANSYLVANIA

22

TRANSYLVANIA

Greek V?

Cathedral of the

Karlsburg, Transylv

In 1715 the Catholic Diocese of Transylvania was 7 by the bishop. In 1912 the diocese contained: 16 re-estabhshed with its see at Karlsburg. Thus for a archdeaconeries, 229 parishes, 398 secular priests, 226 century and a half Tran.sylvania formed a distinct regular priests, 354,145 Cathohcs, 2 houses of Minor- crown land of the Austrian monarchy, and was ites with 29 members; 24 houses of Franciscans with independent of Hungary. This arrangement was 153 members; 1 of the Piari.sts with 44 members; 1 of fundamentally changed by the Hun- garian Revolution of 184S-49. As early as the decade 1830-40, the desire for the union of Transylvania with Hungary was constantly and increasingly expressed in Hungary. These efforts failed, however, on account of the opposition of the Saxons, who fought energetically for political independence from Hungary and municipal self-administration. Nevertheless, despite the opposition of the Saxons, the union with revo- lutionary Hungary was proclaimed in the Transylvania Diet on 30 May, 1848, and thus Transylvania became involved in the defection from the Habsburg dynasty. After the sup- pre.ssion of the revolt with the aid of Russia the supremacy of the Austrian Crown was absolute in Transylvania, as in Hungary, dur- ing the years 1849-60, after which the country received the right of self-administration once more, and the chancellery for Transylvania was formally re- established at "Vienna. By the treaty of adjustment between Austria and Hungary in 1867 the Magyar efforts for the control of Transylvania met with com- plete success. Its independence as a crown province was annulled and it was united with Hungary. The Transylvanian chancellery at Vienna and the supreme court at Klausenburg were abolished, the Transyl- vanian Diet was dissolved, the municipal independ- ence of the Saxons was destroyed, and in 1876 the country was divided into fifteen counties. Since then Transylvania has been nothing more than a Hun- garian province and the non-Hungarian part of the population, the Germans and Rumanians, are at the mercy of an arbitrary Magyarization by the Hungarian government.

The area of Transylva- nia is 21,578 .sq. m.; in 1900 its population was 2,476,998. Of this num- ber, as regards religion, 13.3 per cent were Catho- hcs of the Latin Rite, 28.2 per cent Uniats of the Greek and Armenian Rites; 30.3 per cent Or- thodox Greeks; 14.7 per cent members of the Reformed Church; 9 per

cent Lutherans; 2.0 per ucm. i.^ii..' were subject to the bishop ot iviil- of Transylvania with its see at Karlsburg. Since kovia in Rumania. The bishops received rich dona- 1897 the bishop has been Gustav Karl, Count Maj- tionsfrom King Bi^la R, Charles Robert Louis I. and Idth von Szfkhelv, a member of the Hungarian House Sigismund. The diocese suffered greatly during the of Lords The" cathedral chapter consists of ten reign of BC-la IV from the Tatar inv;ision, and (hiring members, of whom 3 are appointed bv tlie king, and the <-ivil disturbances under his successors, but re-

Mechitarist monks with li mem- bers; 9 of Franciscan nuns with 187 Sisters; 4 of Sisters of Mercy with 56 Sisters; 1 of Ursuline nuns with 37 Sisters. There are 229 parish churches and 2200 dependent churches. The Uniat Catholics have the Archdiocese of Alba Julia Fogaras and its suffragan the Dio- cese of Armenierstadt. The Ortho- dox Greeks are under the direction of the Oriental Greek Rumanian Archdiocese at Hermannstadt. The Reformed, or Protestants of the Helvetic Confession, are under the bishop at Klausenburg; the Luther- ans are under the bishop at Her- mannstadt; the Unitarians have a representative consistory at Klaus- enburg.

The bibliography is given by Krones, Handhuch der Gesch. Oeslerreichs (5 vols., Berlin. 1880-81), passim, and in Zimmeb- MANN AND Werner, UrkuTid'enbuch zur Gesch, der Deutscken in Siebenbiirgen, II (3 vols., Hermannstadt, 1892-1902), 536-43. Most important works: Bedeus von Scharberg, Die Verfassung des Grosshenogtuma Siebenbiirgen (Vienna, 1844); Schijler-Liblot, Hiebenbiirgische Rechtsgesch. (2nd ed.. 3 vol.s.. Hermannstadt. 1868) ; Urkuridenbuch z. Gesch. Siebenbiirgens, ed. Teutsch and Firn- haber (Vienna, 1857) : Monumenta comitialia regni Transsyl-

mniie (21 vols., Budapest, 1875 ): Reissenberqer, Das

GrossfUrstentum Siebenbiirgen (Vienna, 1881) ; Hetthich, Zur Volkskunde der Siebenbiirger Sachsen (Vienna, 1885): KlRCH- HOFF, Siedlungen a. Volkskunde in Siebenbiirgen (Stuttgart, 1*95) ; Tkutbuh, Gesch. der siebenbiirgischeii Sachsen, II (Her- mannstadt, 1907); Die Oester- reichisch-ungariscbe Alonarchie in Wort u. Bild. XXIII (Vienna, 1902); PoKOLY, Gesch. der refoTviierten Kirche in Sieben- biirgen (Budapest, 1904); Kaindl, Gesch. der Deutschen in den Karpathenldndern, II

(Gotha, 1907); Sigebus, Sie- benbiirgisch-Sdchsische Kirchen- bnrgen (Hermannstadt, 1909); Forschungen zur Volkskunde der Deutschen in Siebenbiirgen (Hermannstadt, 1906); Archiv des Vereins filr siebenbiirgische Landeskunde (Hermannstadt, 1M3-51 n. 8., 1853-1910).

Joseph Lins.

Transylvania (or Erdely), Diocese of (Tr.wsilvaniensis), in Kungarj', suffragan of Kalocsa Bics. The foun- dation of the see is at- tributed to King St. Ste- phen, but it was probably established by King St. Ladislaus, patron of Tran- sylvania; Simon (1103-13) liiiN riiiiKUK\i oi Si \ii.ii>ii w;],s the first l)ishop. The

Karisburi;, I r:iii,sj h iiii: i episcopal resilience is at

cent Unitarians; 2.1 Gyula-Feh(5rvar (Alba Julia) in Als6-Feher. The