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 VERSAILLES

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VERSAILLES

spiritual, that is, it should mako form serve the expres- sion of thought and sentiment.

Vasabi, he Vila de piit eccellenti piUori, ed. Milanesi, III (Florence, 1878), 357-82; Semper, Andrea del Verrocchio (Leio- zig, 1878); Muntz, Histoire de I'art pendant la Renaissance, II (Paris, 1891); Chiti, Andrea del Verrocchio in Pisloia in Botlelin storica pistoiese (1899); Mackowsky, Verrocchio (Leipzig, 1901); BuRCKHABDT AND BoDE, Der Cicerone (Leipzig, 1904), Fr. tr. GiRARD, II (Paris, 1896), 373-77. 557-58; (^RnTTwELL. Verroc- chio (London, 1904, Reymond, Verrocchio (Paris, 1906) ; Venturi. Storia delV Arte italiana, VI (Milan, 1908), 706-34; VI, pt. I (1911), 776-86; Michel, Histoire de I'Art, IV, pt. I (Paris. 1909), 128-135.

Gaston Sortais.

Versailles, Diocese of (Versaliensis), includes the Department of Seine-et-Oise, France. Created in 1790 by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, this diocese was maintained by the Concordat of 1802; it included also the Department of Eure-et-

Trianon was given bv Louis X\'I to Marie .Antoinette. The chapel of the chateau was buiU 1699-1710; the Theophilanthropista worshipped there during 1794- 95. "This chapel", Perate says, "is, in the whole and its details, one of the most perfect monuments that Louis XIV ever built."

Saint-Cyr, near Versailles, is famous for the educa- tional institute that Madame de Maintenon founded there for young girls. The city of St-Cloud, whose chateau dates from Louis XIV, owes its origin to the Monastery of Novigentum, founded by St. Clodoald or Cloud, son of KingClodomir (d. about 560). At St- Cloud, Jacques Clement attempted the hfe of Henry III. There also Bonaparte executed against the "As- sembly of the Five Hundred" the coup d'etat of 18 Brumaire. Nearby is Meudon, once the parish of Rabelais. The town of St-Germain-en-Laye, whose Loir, detached from it in 1S22 by the restoration of the present chateau dates from Louis XIV, owes its origin

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Diocese of Chartres. It was made up of consider-

able parts of the ancient Dioceses of Paris, Chartres, Rouen, Sens, and some cantons belonging formerly to the Dioceses of Beauvais, Senlis, and Evreux. At the beginning of the seventeenth centurj' Versailles was a mere village, whose seigneur was Antoine de

to a convent founded during the eleventh centurj' by King Robert; IajuIs XIII died there. Louis XIV was born there, and James II of England died there. The Benedictine Abbey of Morigny, near Etanipes, was founded about 1102 by a nobleman called An- seau. He established in it monks from St-Germer de Flai.x, a monastery in the Diocese of Beauvais. At the beginning of the eleventh century the abbey and revenues of St-Martin d'Etampes, said to have been founded by Clovis, were given to the monks of Morigny by Philip I. On 3 Oct., 1120, Cahxtus II consecrated the church of Morigny. In Jan., 1131, Innocent II consecrated an altar to St. Lawrence there; Abelard and St. Bernard were present at this ccremonj'. The Abbey of Morigny was united in 1629 t ) the Congregation of St-Maur, and has cea,sed to exist since the French Revolution. In 1091, 1099, 1130 councils took place at Etampes (in the latter of which, on the advice of St. Bernard, the bishops sided with Innocent II, against the antipope Anacletus); also in 1147. At Poissy, St. Louis was baptized. The Domin- ican priory, founded at Poissy in 1304, was celebrated. The "Colloquy of Poissy" tq,ok place (1561) be- tween Catholic theologians under the Cardinal of Lorraine, and INIontluc, Bishop of Valence, and Cal- \inist theologians under Theodore Beza. It opened on 9 Sept., in the refectory of the abbey, before Charles IX and Catharine de'Medici. A second sit- ting took place 16 Sept., and was followed by two con- ferences between the theologi.ins of both sides. The colloquy had no result. The town of Isle- Adam, in the Diocese of Versailles, belonged, since the twelfth century, to the family of the Villiers de ITsle-Adam, whose most famous member was Philippe de ITsle- Adam (1464-1534), Grand Master of the Order of Jerusalem, who in 1522 held Rhodes for six months against 200,000 Turks. The monastery- of Port- Royal was situated in the commune of St-Lambert, at the hamlet of Vaumurier. Among the natives of

Lomenie. Louis XIII bought it in 1632, and had a the present territory of the Diocese of Versailles may

small chateau built there. The present chateau was begun under Louis XIV by Mansart (1661), the gar- dens were designed by Lenotre; the interior decora- tions were entnisted to Lebrun. Louis XIV hved there in 1672 and constantly from 1682. The resi- dence wa,s finished in 16S4, and a town soon grew up. The French monarchs resided at Versailles for more

be mentioned: Duplessis-Mornay (1549-1623), sur- named the "pope of the Huguenots", author of a treatise on "The Institution of the Eucharist", and who was defeated by the Catholic theologians at the Conference of Fontainebleau (1.600); Pierre du Moulin (1568-1658), a Calvinist theologian, who composed for James I of England several apologetic writings.

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than a century; here was signed (3 Sept., 1783) the and taught theolog\- at Sedan; Abbe de I'Epce (1712-

treaty between France .and England, acknowledging 89), inventor of a method for teaching the deaf and

the independence of the United States; here took dumb; Abbe Gu^nee (1717-1S03), born at Etampes,

place (1 May, 1789) the ojieiiing of the States-Gen- author (1769) of the wcll-knowni " Lett res de plusieurs

eral, .and it w.as here too, in the h;ill of the Jcu de Juifs Portugais etc., a M. de ^'oltaire"; Marquise de

Paume, that the delegates of the Third Estatt some members of the other two estates (iil)ility ;uid clergj'), constituted themselves a Niitional Asseinhly. It was from Versailles that the Parisian populac(> took Louis XVI and his family (0 Oct., 1789), and broiight them back to Paris. The Grand Trianon

1 La Rochejucc|uelein (1772-1857), author of memoirs (■(inrerning the War of La Vendi'-e.

Tlie chief ])ilgrimages of the diocese are: Notre- Dame <le Bonne Garde, at Longpoint (ninth century); St. Bernanl, Philii) the Fair, and St. Jeanne de Valois visited this sanctuarv; Notre-Dame de

Wiis built under Loins XIV by Mansart; the Petit Pontoise (1226) to which St. Louis, Charles V, and