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 VAN DYCK

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VANNES

'estion Mr. and Mrs. Thomas F. Ryan gave to the liocese hirge bunia for charitable, educational, and )ther purposes of a reUgious nature. Mrs. Ryan las donated churches, schools, and convents in va- ious parts of the state. After a farewell visit to his elatives in Belgium, followed by two weeks of ill- less on his return, and having calmly prepared him- elf by the reception of the last sacraments. Bishop fan De Vy\'pr passed to his eternal reward. He was )uried, 20 October, on the 22nd anniversary of his onsecration. By his own request, the burial was in ilount Calvary Cemetery, Richmond, which he as icar-genpral had purchased. With the e.xception of Jishop McGill, he was the only Bishop of Richmond ,-ho died as bishop there, the others having been ransferred to other sees. He was revered as a kind ather and sj-mpathetic friend, having a wide ac- lUaintance amongst people of all ranks and denomina- ions. His pri\-ate life was simple, himible, and emocrafic. During his regime, Catholicism made larked progress within the diocese. (See Richmond, )[orKSE of; Virginia.)

.Macri. The Catholic Church in the City and Diocese of Rich- inml iHichmond, 1896); The Catholic Church in the United tales of America (New York, 1909); Shea, Our Faith and its defenders (New York, 1S94); The Catholic Directory {Mi\wa\lkee ad New York, 1871-1911); Diocesan documents and newa- aper Bles (Richmond, 1870-1911).

F. Joseph Magri. Van Dyck, .\nthont. See Dyck, Antoon van.

Vane, Thomas, the place and time of his birth and eath are not known; but he was educated at Christ '.s 'ollege, Cambridge, and took the degree of Doctor (jf )ivinity in that university. Having taken Anglican rders, he was m.ade chaplain extraordinary to King Iharlrs I and rector of Crayford. On becoming a !ath<)lic. he resigned the.se preferments, and went ith his wife to Paris, where he practised as a physi- ian, taking the degree of M.D. there or at some other )reign university. At Paris he wrote an account of is conversion, the preface being dated 4 August, ^42, which was pubUshed in 164.3 under the title, A Lost Sheep returned Home: or the Motives of le Conversion of Thomas Vane." This book ran irough several editions and was answered by the nglican writer Edward Chisenhall (1653). He also rote "An answer to a libell written by D. Cosens lainst the great Generall Councell of Laterane under ope Innocent III" (Paris, 1646), and "Wisdome id Innocence or Prudence and Simplieity in the camijlos of the Serpent and the Dove, propounded V our Lord" fs. 1. 16.52).

Vane. .4 Lout Sheep returned Home (Paris, 164.3); Dodd, lurch //i.*/.. Ill (Brussels vere Wolverhampton, 1742); GiLLOW, iW. Diet. Eng. Calk., s. v.; Cooper in Did. Nat. Biog., a. v.

Edwin Burton.

Vannes, Diocese of (^'ENETENSIs), comprises the epartment of Morbihan, and was re-established by le Concordat of 1802; it was formed: (1) from the rmer Diocese of Vannes, excluding the parishes tuated east of the Oust River, which were annexed the Archdiocese of Rennes; (2) from the District Roche-Bernard, detached from the Diocese of antes; (3) from the southern p.art of the former iocese of St. Malo; (4) from the District of Gourin, ■t ached from the Diocese of Quimper. It was a ffragan of Tours until IS.'jO and, since that time, Rennes. The Department of ^Iorbihan is that irt of T'rance where the greatest number of monu- ents of the old Gallic worship are preserved; the ng avenues of menhins at C;imac are famous. According to tradition, St. Clair, first Bishop of
 * intes. died in the third centur>' during the course of

s preaching in the Diocese of Vann&s. The synodi- I epistle of the Council of Angers, on 4 October, 453, ves the names of four Breton prelates, one of whom 18 certainly Bishop of Vannes. St. Patemus, whose igin is much discussed by hagiographers, and who

became bishop between 461 and 490, is the chief patron of the diocese. No document previous to the Charter of Quimperle, which dates from the twelfth century, gives as bishops of Vannes, the saints Doininius, Clemens, Amans, Saturninus, Guinninus (Guenin), Vignorocus, Budocus, Hinguethenus, Meriadocus, Meldrocus, Comeanus, and .Justorus who probably, without episcopal character, were en- gaged in evangelizing the country. Bishop Susannus was expelled from his see by the Breton king Nominoe (848) because the latter wished to reorganize ec- clesiastical Brittany. Among the sub.sequent bishojis are mentioned: Pierre de Foix (1476-90), cardiuMl in 1476; Cardinal Laurent Pucci (1514-31); Canli-

The Cathedral, V

nal Antoine Pucci (1531-44); Charles de Marillac (1550-60), ambassador of the King of France in Turkey and in England.

Saint Gildas "the Wise", or "Badonicus", born in Great Britain in 494, left there about 527, went to the Island of Houat, then to the Peninsula of Rhuis, where he founded the monastery of St. Gildas, and wTote two treatises which are a valu- able source for the ancient history of the Britons; he died in 570. In the tenth centurv'. the Northmen destroyed the monaster),-, then under tlie Abbot D:ive. Abbot Dave brought the bodies of Saints Patricius, Albon, and Patemus to Bourg Deols in Berri, and there erected a monastery under the name of St. Gildas. In 1008, Geoffiry I, Duke of Brittany, asked Gauzlin, Abbot ot Saint Benoit on the Loire, for religious to re-establish the monasterv of St. Gi]d;us of Rhuis. It was re-established by Abbot Felix, who died in 1038. Abelard, Abbot of Rhuis in 1 125, soon left the .abbey, but retained the title of abbot until his death. Eufles de Korli\'io d'Hennebond, •lisciple of St. Vincent de Paul, and F.ather Huby, S.J., coMtriliuted gre;itly to the religious reviv.al of the Diocese of Vannes, by the foundation of the seminary (1681). In the fourteenth century, during the wars in which Veneral^le Charles of Blois supported by Charles V and .lean de Montfort, aided by the English, contested the sovereignty of Britt.iiiy. Vannes w.as several times besieged. The battle of Auray (29 September, 1364), in which Venerable