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VALLADOLID

d was succeeded by D. Alberto de Churriguera, iin whom the Spanish style of architecture Chur- ueresco (Baroque) takes its name. Notwithstand- { this, the influence of Iterrera can be traced in the erior. The principal fagade has four Doric half uinns, which support the entablature of the first iry; between each column rises a magnificent arch erhanging a rectangular door over which is placed > figure of the Assumption, the titular of the cat he- ll. In the inter-columnar spaces are statues of pers were to have finished the principal fagade; of
 * . Peter and Paul, and a door at each side. Two

'bf oiii- was never buill Ik \. m.l the first story, and
 * other which was finished collapsed in 1841. The

erior is imposing; along the top is an open gallery ished with a balustrade. The tabernacle built by in de Arfe (1590) and the choir stalls, which were lught from the Dominican church, are two of the ■cious possessions of this cathedral, rhe Dominican Convent of San Pablo, founded in '6 by Dona Violante, wife of Alfonso X, the Wise, ierves special mention. Juan II hved there, and s temporarily buried there until his remains could transferred to the Cartuja de Miraflores. It is a thic building, the nio.st notable feature of which is ■ facade of its church, built at the expense of rdinal Juan de Torquemada and Fr. Alonso de rgos. Bishop of Palcncia. Beside it is the Domin- n College of San Gregorio, founded in 14SS by Fr. )nso de Burgos, confessor of Isabella the Catholic, e famous Luis de Granada studied there. Its ade is the best of its kind on account of its original ligns. Its cloister, with a double gallery, is also able. The ancient College of Santa Cruz, founded Cardinal Mendoza, a building in the plateresque le, has been converted into a museum, and con- ns many beautiful samples of religious sculptures. e ancient jxilacio real serves as a court building, is has a beautiful facade, with a tower at each side, i finished with a colonnade of alternating arches .•ing square openings. The episcopal palace is a id.some building, and the conciliar seminary, ,nded by D. Bartolome de la Plaza in l.')97 and re- lit in 1S47 by D. Jose Antonio Hibadeneyra, was de a pontifical university by Leo XIII in 1897. i^alladolid has secondary and normal schools, ar-

chaeological and art museums, and a library of 30,000 volumes. The Spanish cavalry .school is situated here also. Among the charitable estabhshments may be mentioned the Hospital de la Resurrecci6n ; the mili- tary hospital, formerly a convent of the Carmelites; the hospital de I'lsgueva; the Casa de Mi-sericordia, occupying t he ancient palace of the counts ■ of Benavente; the asylums for mendicants.

QuADRADO. Espafia^ sus tnonumentos y artes, Valladolid (Bar- celona. 1885) ; DE LA FuENTE, Historia de las univcrsidades de EspaHa, I (Madrid, 1884); Idem, Hist. eccl. de Espafia (2nd ed., Madrid, 1881) ; Ggbhabdt, Historia general de Espafia (Barce- lona).

Ram6n Ruiz Amado.

University of Valladolid. — The name of the founder and the date of foundation of the Uni- versity of Valladolid are not known with cer- tainty. Its origin probably dates from 1260-64; in 1293 the university was in a most flourishing condi- tion. Alfonso XI was the patron of Valladolid, just as Alfonso the Wise had been that of Salamanca. He provided a fixed revenue for the estudios, of one tliird the tithes received from Valladolid and its surrounding hamlets, conferred many honours on its professors, and finally petitioned Clement VI for papal authorization, which w.as given in the Bull of 30 July, 1346. All the courses embraced by the great universities, including medicine and surgery, were installed, the latter branch being later separated and constituted a special course. According to .Mi)rej6n (see bibl.), medical science in Spain substi- tuted the system of Hippocrates for Arab methods much earlier than foreign writers have asserted. In 1.513 the physician Barnadino Montana de Mon- serrata, in his book "Libro de la anatomia del hom- bre" (folio 3), said that to study surgery it was necessary to go to either Montpellier, Bologna, or \'alladolid. At Valladolid the lectures were so famous that Montana at the age of seventj- was carried in a litter to hear the lectures of Prof. Alfonso Rodriguez de Guevara. The professor of surgery made twenty-five dissections in the general hospital each term. The professor and students of botany went into the country to make a practical study of plant life. The influence of the university was very great in both State and Church.

From the catalogue of famous students in the "Historia de Valladolid" the following names are taken: Juan Auves, doctor of canon law, librarian of Santa Cruz, and Bishop of Ciudad (d. 1.549); Antoli- nez de Burgos, first historian of the city; Augustin Antolinez, Augustinian, professor of the university and of that of Salamanca; Tomds Arizmendi, coun- sellor of Castile; Lorenzo Arrazola, chief counsellor to the Crown; Pedro Avila y Soto, professor of the university, counsellor of the Indies and of Castile, criminal prosecutor for the Crown, and counsellor of the army; Caspar R. Bravo de Somonte, profes.sor and physician to Philip IV and Charles II; Breton y Simancas, Bishop and Viceroy of Naples; Pedro Cevallos, minister of Ferdinand VII; Agustin Esteban CoUantes, minister of Isabella II; Dionisio Daza y Chac6n, distinguished physician who rendered valu- able services at Augsburg during the plague of 1.564, was surgeon to Maximilian, the princess Dofia Juana, physician of Don Carlos and Don Juan of Austria in the battle of Alpujarra; Diego Escudero, compiler of the "Nueva RecopiIaci6n"; Jose Larra (Figaro), celebrated liltrrateur: Luis Mercado, prof., and physi- cian to Philip II during the last twenty years of his life, an eminent writer greatly misunderstood by Sprengel; Claudio Moyano, educational reformer, professor, and afterwards minister under Isabella II; Jo.sc Zorrilla, noted poet. The controversy between the Jesuits and the Dominicans with regard to grace and free will, which interested all the universities of Spain, involved the University of Valladolid even