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VALLADOLID

arrogance for calling themselves religious, as if other bishop of Santiago; and Fernando Alvarez de Al-

Christians were not so; he refrains, however, from bornoz cousin of the celebrated cardinal; in the fif-

trying to discredit them by relating salacious stories teenth, Diego G6mez de Fuensalida; Cardinal Pedro

as the other Humanists delighted in doing. In the de Fonseca; the famous Alfonso de Madrigal, called

"De libero arbitrio" he concedes that the foreknow!- "el Tostado", Cardinal Fr. Juan de Torquemada;

edge of God is not incompatible with free will, but Cardinal D. Pedro de Mendoza; and in the sixteenth

maintains that our intellects are unable to compre- century, D. Fernando Enriquez, son of the admiral.

hend this truth. Valla first gave expression to many ideas that were taken up later, especially by the reformers. Like the other Humanists of his age he lacked firmness of character.

Valla, Opera (Basle, 1540): Vahlen, iMurentii Valla opuscula tria (Vienna, 1S69); Gabotto, Lorenzo Valla e V epicuresimo nel 400 (Milan, 1889); Mancini, Vita di Lorenzo Valla (Florence, 1891); MoNNlER, Le Qualtrocenlo (Pari."!, 1901); Rossi, II quattro cento, Storia lelteraria rV Italia (Milan, 3. d.); Pastor, Gesch. der Papste, I (3rd ed., Freiburg, 1901), IS.

U. Benigni.

Valladolid, Archdiocese op (Vallisoletan,\), bounded on the north by Palencia, east by Burgos and Segovia, south by AvUa and Salamanca, and west by Zamora. Except- ing two towns, it comprises the civil Province of Vallado- lid, and has in its territory six towns which are alternatelj- one year under its jurisdiction and the next under that of the Diocese of Avila. Its suffragan dioceses are Astorga, Avila, Segovia, Salamanca, Zamora, and Ciudad Real. Valladolid (60,000) is built on the site of an ancient Roman city, and re- mains of Rom a n ruins are to be found. but it does not sccin to be the Phitia which Antoninus says was 106 miles

from Astorga. Probably it was founded by the Moors and given the name of Ulid or Walid. The first mention of it is found in the "Cr6nica de Cardeiia" as one of the towns which Sancho II offered to his sister Dona Urraca in exchange for Zamora, the seigniory of which had been conferred upon her by her father. The real founder of \'alla- dolid was the Castilian Count .\nsurez to whom Al- fonso VI ceded it in 1074. He built the churches of Santa Maria la Antigua and Santa Maria la Mayor, founded the parish of San Nicolas, but he seems to have found already existing the churches of San Julidn and San Pclayo. He built the great bridge

D. Alfonso Enriquez Villarroel; and D. Alfonso de Mendoza. In 1124, with the assistance of the Car- dinal legate Adeodatus, a councO of all the prelates of the kingdom was held at Valladolid, and in 11.37 another, presided over by Cardinal Guido. On 1 July, 1217, St. Ferdinand III was proclaimed king in this city, on the abdication of his mother Dona Berenguela. In 123S another council was held, over which the legate Bishop of Sabina presided. In order to ter- minate the disputes with Palencia, Philip II, who was born at Valladolid, wished to have it constituted a dio- cese, and Clement VIII erected it on 25 Sept., 1595, and the king conferred on it a city charter. The first bishop was D. Barto- lome de la Plaza, 1597, and among his successors D. Martin D e 1 g a d o Cenarro (1743-53) deserves special mention. Bv theConcordatof 1851 the elevation of Val- ladolid to the rank of a metropolitan was stipulated, and Pius IX at the request of Isabella II issued the Decree for its erec- tion on 4 July, 1S57. The first archbishop was D. Luis de Las- tra y Cuesta, and hi? successors were Car- dinal Juan Ignacio Moreno, Cardinal Benito Sanz y Fores, and the prelate who has just been raised

\RD IN THE College of St. Gregory adolid, Maciaa Carpintero, 1488-96

to the cardinalitial dignity, D. Jose Cos y Macho. Many noted events have taken place at \"alladolid: the marriage of Alfonso X and Doiia ^'iolantc de Arag6n and that of Alfonso XI to Dona Constanza; Columbus died there; and D. Alvaro de Luna was decapitated. The first aiito da fe of the Spanish Inquisition was car- ried out at Valladolid, and the Cortes met there many times. The city owes much to the famous Dona Maria de Molina, wife of Sancho the Brave, regent during the minorities of Ferdinand IV and Alfonso XL The lat- ter conferred many distinctions upon Valladolid and gave it its miivcrsit>-. The Court resided several times at V;d!:i(llid, the last time from ItiOl to 1606

over the Pisuerga aiid two hospitals near his own by wish of Philip III, who was much attached to the

palace. On 21 May, 1095, the Church of Santa Maria city

la Mayor was dcclicatcd by D. Bernardo, Archbishop of Toledo, assisted l)y the Archbishops of Palencia, and many other bishops and noted personages. An- surez and his wife Kylo conferred vast territories upon the abbot and chapter of the collegiate church.

Churches. — Santa Maria la Antigua was the parish church of the coimts of Valladohd and was in exist- ence as early as lOSS. Behind the modern cathedral are the remains of the ancient cathedral of Santa Maria la Mayor, not as founded by the Conde An-

for purposes of colonization. This grant consisted of siirez, but as restored a century and a half later

the monasteries of San Julian and San Pelayo, lands in Tierra de Campos, and a great stretch of land be- tween the Ijranches of the River Esgueva.

The first abbots of Valhulolid in the twelfth cen- tury were Saltus or Agaldus; Herva-us; Pedro; Mar- tin; Juan; Miguel; and Domingo; in the thirteenth, Juan Dominguez, counsellor of St. Ferdinand; D. Felipe, son of St. Ferdinand; D. Sancho de Aragon, son of Jaime I; D. Martin .\lonso, illegitimate son of Alfonso the Wi.se; and G6mcz Garcia of Toledo; in the fourteenth, Juan Forndndez de Limia, later Arch-

Bishop Lucas of Tuy says that the -Vbbot Juan, chancellor of St. Ferdinand, later Bishop of Osma, rebuilt and redecorated it, transferring the chapter meanwhile to Santa Maria la .\ntigua (1226). Its architecture is of the Transition period. Antolinez de Burgos, who lived in the sixteenth century, describes with enthusiasm its magnificent cloister. When the diocese was erected, Philip II engaged Juan de Her- rera, the famous architect of the I^.scorial, to make the plans of the new c:ithcdr;il. Hcrrcra began the con- atruction, but was obUged to go back to the Escorial,