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 VALENCIA

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VALENCIA

lied on the First Crusade by Bernard of Valence, t Patriarch of Antioch in the new Latin Kingdom of usalem, and by Raymond des Agiles, a native of Paul-Trois-Chdteaux, one of the historians of the sade. Marie Teyssonnior, called Marie de Valence 76-164S), had such a reputation for piety that ■dinal de Berulle. St. Francis dc Sales, Olier, Father ton, and Lo\iis XIII visited her. Chri.stophe d'Au- ■r dc Sigaud (1609-67), founder in 1632 of the igregation of Missionary Priests of the Blessed ramcnt, founded the seminary in 1639. "wo women warriors played an important part in history of this region: Margudrite de Laye tri- phantly led the inhabitants of Montelimar against Calvinist troops of Coligny; Philis de la Tour du la Charce in 1696 successfully led the inhabitants jVons iind the neighbouring communes against the jsion of the Duke of Savoy. Madame de Sevigne, f.amous writer of letters, died in 1696 in the Cha- j de Grignan which belonged to her son-in-law. Romans Gambetta delivered a famous discourse Sept., 1S7S) in which he outlined the whole anti- ical policy of the Third Rejiublic. In the cathe- 1 of Valence a Requiem Mass is sung yearly on August, for the soul of Pius VI, who died at Val- e, 29 August, 1799, during his confinement in the ,del. The chief pilgrimages of the dioceses are: auterives, dating from the twelfth century; Notre- ne-de-Chatenay at Lens-Lcstang; Not re-Dame-de- isolation at .A.rpavon; Notre-Dame-de-Mont-Car- at Chateauncuf-de-Mazcnc; Notre-Dame-la- nche at Mollans.
 * re - Dame -de - Bonne - Combe at St - Germain

Icforc the application of the Associations Law of 1 there were at Valence: Assumptionists, Capu- is, Marists, Lazari.sts, Carmelites, and Redempto- s.Ohlatcs of St. Francis de Sales.and various orders caching Brothers.

everal orders of women are native to the diocese: nitarians, nursing and teaching sisters, estab- ed at Valence since 16S.5; Sisters of the Most ssed Sacrament, hospital and teaching sisters, nded by Father Vigne, a convert, with mother- se at Romans, 171.5; the teaching Sisters of St. rtha, founded in 1815 by Mile du Vivier with
 * her-house at Romans; Sisters of the Sacred Hearts

lesus and Mary, founded by Baroness de Mont- id and Abbe Nee in 1S.51 for the supervision of k-rooms and studios, with mother-house at Rccou- u. At the end of the nineteenth century the rc- 5US orders had in the Diocese of Valence: 28 infant 3ols, 1 institution for deaf-mutes, 1 infirmary for endent children, 1 orphanage for boys, loorphan- 3 for girls, 3 industrial schools, 1 protective society, 'formatories, 12 houses of religious for the care of sick in their homes, 1 asylum for idiots and epilep- , 10 hospitals. In 190.5 the diocese had: 297,321 ibitants, 37 parishes, 314 succursals, 68 vicariates. ' present bi.shop, Mgr .lean-Victor-Emile Chesne- j, b. at Orthez, 6 April, 18,56, studied at Saint- Pius X at Rome, 2.5 Feb., 1906.
 * )ice, wa-s ordained at Paris, 1879, and consecrated

Mia chrisliana (nom), I (1715), 70.3-36. ins/r., 119-129; . XVI (1865), 289-344. inslr., 101-J2. 18.'>-21S: Albanes, \a chrisliana Inorinnima). SI-Paid-TroiR-CMlmux (Montb6- . 1909); Ulysse Chevalier, Notice chronologico-historiquc cs ivfquot de Valence (Valence, 1857); Idem, Quarante ann4e3 histoire dea eviques de Valence axt vwyen-Age (Paris, 1869); RIER, Hinloire des Mqiies de Valence (Monaco. 1887); Nadal, rnre hagioloaiqitc du diocese de Valence (Valence, 18.55); I, Histoire des seminairejt du diocese de Valence (Valence, >); JcLES Chevalier, Essai hislorique sur lygtise et la title 'ie (Valence, 1888-1909).

Georges Gotau.

fNivER-siTTOF Valence, erected 26 .July, 14.52, by ers patent from the Dauphin Louis, afterwards lis XI, who was very fond of Valence. Pius II rove<l its erection in the Bull of 3 May, 14,59. In ruary, 1541, the Canon Pierre Morel opened a

college for thirteen poor students. In the sixteenth century Valence was famous for its teaching of law, entrusted to Italian professors or to those who had studied in Italy. The Portuguese jurist, Govea, taught at Valence, 1554-55; the French jurist, Cujas (1.522-90), from December, 1.557, to 1559; and Francois Hotman from the end of 1.562 until August 1568. It was at the instigation of Hotman that Bishop Montluc obtained from Charles IX the Edict of 8 April, 1565, which united the Universities of Grenoble and Valence. Cujas again filled a chair at Valence, August, 1567-75; he had among his auditors the learned Scahger, the historian Jacques-.Augustc de Thou, the jurist Pithou. The university was a centre of Protestant tendencies. Hotman w.as a determined Protestant; Cujas p.assed from Protes- tantism to Catholicism, but it is doubtful if his con- version was inspired entirely by religious motives. In view of these new tendencies the theological teach- ing was inadequate, and consequently in 1575 Montluc founded at Valence a college of Jesuits, but this was of short duration. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the University of Valence was of only minor importance. From 1738 to 1764 its transfer to Grenoble was contemplated but this project was abandoned. It disappeared during the Revolution. ForRNlER, Slaluis et privileges des universites de France, III (Paris, 1892). 361—112; Nadal, Histoire de Vuniversiti de Valence (Valence, 1S61).

Georges Goyau.

Valencia, Archdiocese op (Valentina), in Spain, comprises the civil Provinces of Valencia, Alicante, and Castellon. Thecity of Valencia is in the region known in ancient days as Edetania, and has 173,000 inhabitants. Florus says that Junius Brutus, the conqueror of Viriathus, transferred thither (140 B. c.) the soldiers who had fought under the latter. Later it was a Roman military colony. In punish- ment for its adherence to Sertorius it was destroyed by Pompey, but was later rebuilt, and Pomponius Mela says that it was one of the principal cities of Hispania Tarraconensis.

Nothing positive is known about the introduction of Christianity into Valencia, but at the beginning of the fourth century when Dacianus brought the martyrs St. Valerius, Bishop of Saragossa, and his deacon, St. Vincent of Huesca, to Valencia, the Chris- tians seem to have been numerous. St. Vincent suffered martyrdom at \'alencia: the faithful obtained possession of his remains, built a temple over the spot on which he died, and there invoked his intercession. It is .said that at the time of the Moorish invasion the people of Valencia placed the saint's body in a boat and that the bo.at landed on the cape which is now called San Vincente. The King of Portugal, Alfonso Enriquez, found the body and transferred it to Lisbon. The first historically known Bishop of Valencia is Justinianus (.531-46), mentioned by St. Isidore in his "Viri illustres". J\istinianus wrote "Respon- siones", a series of replies to a certain Rusticus. Bishops of Valencia assisted iit the various councils of Toledo. Witisclus. present ;it the fourteenth Council of Toledo, was the last bishop before the Mohamme- dan invasion, .\bdelazid, son of Muzza, took the city and, breaking the terms of surrender, pillaged it; he turned the churches into mosques, leaving only one to the Christians. This was without doubt the present Church of San Bartolom6 or that of San Vin- cente dc la Roqueta.

Valencia was in the power of the Moors for more than five cenftiries. The Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar) reconquered it for the first time on 15 June, 1094, turned nine mosques into churches, and installed as bishop the French monk Jerome. On the death of the Cid (July, 1099), his wife, Dona Ximena. retained power for two years, when \'alencia w;is besieged by the Almoravids; although the Emperor Alfonso drove