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district was originally included in the ^'icariate of Tanganika; in 1879 R. P. Ganachan of the White Fathers penetrated this hitherto unknown region and endeavoured to settle at Tabora, but was unsuccessful; two years later R. P. Guillct succeeded and opened an orphanage there, which was shortly afterwards trans- ferred to Kipalapala one league distant; in 1844 R. P. Lourdel settled at Djiue-la-Singa, but the post was abandoned on 13 March, 1885. On 11 January, 1887, the mission of Unyanyenibe was separated from Tan- ganika, with R. P. Girault as superior of the pro- vicariate; on 23 August, 1887, Mgr Charbonnier was consecrated bishop in the Kipalapalaorphanage chapel by Mgi- Livinhac of I'ganda; this was the first epis- copal consecration in Equatorial Africa. The station at Kipalapala was destrojed in 1889 by the natives. Two years later it was restored, and another was opened at Uchirorabo. Towards the close of 1897 five Sisters of Notre-Dame d'Afrique arrived at Uchir- ombo. In 1900 there were in this mission 20 priests, 6 nuns, 49 catechists, 1842 neophj-tes, 6(XX) cate- chumens, and 150 children in the schools. A Ger- man scientist, Dr. Kandt, a Protestant, was so impressed by the good work of the Catholic mission- aries that he presented his estate at Tabora to the vicar .\postoUc to found a school and hospital. The present and first vicar Apostolic, Mgr Frangois Ger- boin, of the White Fathers, born in 1847 and conse- crated titular Bishop of Turbubto in 1897, resides at Ushirombo. — Mission statistics(1905) :33 priests; 7 lay brothers; G nuns; 72 catechists ; 26 schools with 966 pu- pils; U hospitals; 5 leper houses; 17 orphanages with 325 children rescued from slavery; 3,000,000 infidels; 3678 Catholics; 2889 catechumens.

Le Roy in Piolet, Les missions cath. franc, au X TXt sihde, V (Paris, 1902), 410-22. ^ ^ MacEklEAN.

Upper Nile, Vicariate Apostolic of, separated from the mission of Nyanza, 6 July, 1894, comprises the eastern portion of Uganda, that is roughly east cf a line from F'auvcra on the Nile (about 2° 13' N. lat.), north-east to the Kaffa mountains, and of a line south from Fauvera past Munynyu near Lake Victoria Nyanza to 1° S. lat. Of the native tribes, the Baganda, partly Caucasian, are much superior in- tellectually to the others. Their religion was spiritual- istic, acknowledging a Divine Providence, Katondn, who, being good, was neglected, while the loubalis, or demon, and imimus, or departed souls, were pro- pitiated. Totemism was prevalent, the mziro, or totem, being usually an animal, rarely a plant. The first Catholic missionaries, the White leathers, arrived in Uganda in 1878. Father Lourdel obtained leave from King Mtesa to enter; on 26 June, 1879, the fathers reached Roubaga.

On Easter .Saturday, 27 March, 1880, the first catechumens were baptized; two years later the Arabs induced Mtesa to exijcl the missionaries; they returned under his successor, IMwanga, 14 July, 1885. Relig- ion spread rapidly, but the Protestants and Arabs stirred up the king to begin a persecution. Jo.seph Mkasa, chief of the royal pages, was the proto-martyr; on 26 May, 1886, thirty newly baptized Catholics, on refusing to apo.statize, were burnt to death; soon more than seventy others were martyred. Then the Arabs plotted to depose Mwanga, but the Catholics by the advice of Father Lourdel remained loyal. The Arabs thereupon expelled the missionaries, who, how- ever, returned in 1889: Father Lourdel endeavoured to induce Mwango to submit to the advancing British Company; on 12 May, 1890, worn out by his labours this pioneer of the Gospel died. His confreres con- tinued to reap a rich harvest, but were opposed by Captain Luarl, the British Company's agent. On 23 May, 1893, Uganda pa.-^sed under the protection of the British Government and the Church gained compara- thre peace. Mgr Livinhac, now Superior General of

the White Fathers, obtained the erection of the eastern portion of L^ganda into a separate vicariate under the care of the English congregation of Foreign Missions, Mill Hill, London.

The first vicar Apostolic was Mgr. Henry Hanlon, b. on 7 ,Jan., 1862, consecrated titular Bishop of Teos in 1894, went to L'ganda in 1895; after labouring there for seventeen years, he returned to England for the general chapter of his Society, and retired from active missionary work. He was succeeded (June, 1912) by Mgr. John Biermans, titular Bishop of Gargara. Coming to LTganda in 1896 he proved himself a valuable auxiharj- to Mgr. Hanlon. The episcopal residence is at Mengo, Buganda, near Entebbe, capital of LTganda. In the mission there are 24 priests, 6 Missionary Franciscan Sisters of Marv; 15 churches; 12 schools with 1649 pupils; and about 20,000 Cathohcs. The missionaries have recently comi)iled and printed in Uganda, a grammar, phrase-book, and vocabulary of a Nilotic language, Dho Levo, spoken in Kavirondo. The language had not previously been reduced to writing. Some primers, catechisms, and prayer- books also in Dho Levo have been printed.

Le Rot in Piolet, Missions cath. fram;., V (Paris. 1902), 369-4.55; see also articles in The Month (October, 1893; .\ugust, 1893; June, 1904). A. A. MacErlean.

Upper Rhine, Ecclesiastical Province of the, includis I lie Archdiocese of Freiburg and the suffragan Dioceses (if I'ulda, Mainz, Limburg, and Rottenburg. The German Church was secularized by the Imperial Delegates Enactment of 25 Feb., 1803, confirmed by the German Empire on 24 March, and by the emperor on 27 April. All bishoprics and religious foundations, abbeys, and monasteries, immediate or mediate, were used to compensate those rulers who had been obliged to yield their possessions on the left bank of the Rhine to France. A part of the Archdiocese of Mainz was preserved for the primate Karl Theodore von Dal- berg and was transferred to the cathedral church of Ratisbon. Hanover, Brunswick, and Oldenburg also received ecclesiastical lands. None of these thought of providing for the needs of their Cathohc subjects by establishing new dioceses. The organization of the Confederation of the Rhine, the dissolution of the Holy Roman lOmpire, and the supremacy in southern Germany of Napoleon, who had no desire for the settlement of the ecclesiastical confusion in Germany, made it impossible to conclude a concordat.

The condition of the Church grew desolate. New bishops were not elected when the old bishops died, and the cathedral chapters were combined. Besides Dalberg, those who laboured in the districts which now belong to the ecclesiastical Province of the Upper Rhine were: the former Bishop of Speyer, Walder- dorf, at Bruchsal (up to 1810), and Joseph Ludwig Colmar, at Mainz (1802-18); in the Duchy of Nassau J. von Homnier, cathedral vicar of Trier; Hubert Corden, at Limburg. There were also vicars of the primate Dalberg at Worms, Ellwangen (from 1817 at Rottenburg), and Constance. From 18(X) the vicar- general at Constance was Ignaz Heinrich von Wessen- berg (q. v.), a Josephinist, who advocated a national Cierman Church indeijendent of the pope and intro- duced many anti-clerical innovations.

The Catholics of ( iermany looked to the Congress of Vienna for the removal of their difficulties. This they hoped all the more, as those territories had been won again from France in compensation for which all landed possessions had been taken from the Church. Cardinal Consalvi, the pa])al rejjresentative at the congress, \\'essenl)erg, the representative of the primate Dalberg. von Wambold, dean of the cathedral of Worms, HellTerich, cathedral canon of Speyer, .and Schies, formerly syndic of the collegiate church of St. .\ndreiis .at Worms, presented to the congress a num- ber of memorials and statements on the reslonilion of the earlier rights of the Church, the re endowment of