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UNYANYEMBE

arouse interest in Catholic education while soliciting the financial aid necessary for the upbuilding of a well-equipped Catholic l^niversity. The Louise C. Thomas Hall has its name from the devoted lady who subscribed S50,000 towards its erection. The beauty and nobiUty of her gift is expressed in the stately architecture, which combines artistic quahties with \isefulness. Both structures, connected by a graceful arcade or cloister, are in the Tudor Gothic style and stand on the beautiful site which fronts St. Charles Avenue, where that handsome driveway passes Audu- bon Park.

P. A. Ryan.

F. Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is an outgrowth of Marquette College, which was opened in 1881, although it had been planned by Right Rev. John Martin Henni as far back as 18.50. In 1848, while in Europe, the bi.shop met the Chevalier J. G. de Boeye, of Antwerp, who gave him $16,000 to help to fouiid an institution under the care of the Jesuits. The foundation was to be made in the bishop's dio- cese, in the far North- West, a country first visited by the missionaries AUouez and Marquette. In 1855 Rev. P. J. de Smet, S.J., and Rev. F. X. de Coen, S.J., arrived at Milwaukee, commissioned by the Provin- cial of Missouri to co-operate with the bi.shop in his plans for the proposed institution. St. Gall's parish was placed under the care of the Jesuit Fathers. Two years later, Rev. Stanislaus P. Lalumiere, S.J., commenced the St. Aloysius Academy, which was soon abandoned. It was resuscitated in 1864, under the name of St. Gall's Academy, under the manage- ment of Rev. J. T. Kuhknan, S.J. This school existed until 1872, when it was also abandoned. The project of establishing a college had not been relin- quished, and in 1864 a charter was obtained by a special act of the legislature. Marquette College was dedicated, 15 .-^ug., 1881. The degree of bach- elor of arts was conferred for the first time in 1887, and when in 1906 Marquette celebrated its sil\-er jubilee, the college had conferred the degree upon 186 students, Ma.ster of Arts on 38, and Bachelor of Science upon one.

In 1907, owing to the munificence of the late Robert A. Johnston, of Milwaukee, who built and donated the structure on Grand Avenue, between Eleventh and Twelfth Streets, Marquette College was enabled to enlarge its usefulness. The charter was amended by the legislature, and the college became a university. That year it affiliated temporarily with the Milwau- kee Medical College, which comprised a school of medicine, a school of dentistry, and one of pharmacy. In 1908 the Milwaukee Law School became the Mar- quette LTniversity College of Law. In the same year the College of Applied Sciences and Engineering was opened. In 1910 the Robert A. Johnston College of Economics was organized. It consists of two schools; one of business administration, and another of journalism. In 1911 the Marquette Conservatory of Music was established.

J. E. Copus.

G. Niagara University, situated near Niagara Falls, New York, is conducted by the Vincentians. It was founded by Rev. John J." Lynch, CM., later first Archbishop of Toronto, and was chartered by the Legislature, 20 April, 1863, as the Seminary of Our Lady of Angels. The original building was com- pletely destroyed by fire in December, 1864; in April, 1865, one wing of the present Imilding was built, and in 1869, the structure was completed. On 7 August, 1883, the Regents of New York State erected the Seminary of Our Lady of Angels into a college by the name of Niagara University. A medical school was estabhshed at Buffalo, and during its existence (1883-98), it did much to further the study of medi- cine, and inaugurated the movement which has

resulted in requiring four years' study for the doctor's degree in New York State. In 1898 the Niagara medical school was merged into that of the Buffalo University, as was also, in 1891, the Niagara law school. Niagara University has now complete semi- nary, college, and high school departments, embracing courses in philo.sophy, higher mathematics, science, languages, commerce, and music. The university possesses over 300 acres of ground, a museum, labor- atories for scientific work, and a library, containing about 35,000 volumes, begun by Bishop Timon, CM.

Grace, Niagara Index (1870-1912); Golden Jubilee Volume.

Edward J. Walsh.

H. St. John's University, the legal title of a CathoHc boarding-school at CoUegeville, Minnesota, conducted by the Benedictine Fathers of St. John's Abbey, which is situated at the same place. It is the oldest Catholic college in the North-\^'est, having been founded in 1857 by the late Archabbot Boniface Wimmer, then Abbot of St.Vincent's .\bbey at Beatty, Pennsylvania. Early in 1856 Abbot Wimmer sent Demetrius de Marogna, a capitular of St. Vincent's Abbey, to Minnesota to establish a monastery and an educational institution in what was then the Diocese of St. Paul, whither the Benedictines had been invited by Bishop Cretin, at the instance of the Indian mis- sionary Father Pierz. De Marogna was accompanied by two Benedictine clerics, Cornelius Wittmann and Bruno Riss, and two lay brothers. The institution was originally called St. John's Seminary, which name was changed to St. John's LTniversity bv an Act of the State Legislature, 17 Feb., 1883. In March, 1869, the school was empowered by the State to confer all college and university degi-ees, and on 16 June, 1878, Leo XIII authorized Abbot Alexius Edelbrock, then president of the LTniversity, to confer the degree of doctor in philosophy, theology, and canon law. The institution comprises a theological seminary, a school of arts and science, a high-school, a school of com- merce and a preparatory school.

Among its presidents deserving of mention are: Rupert Scidenbusch (1867-75), who in 1875 was appointed vicar Apostolic of the newly-created Vica- riate of Northern Minnesota, and titular Bishop of Halia (d. 3 June, 1895) ; Alexius Edelbrock (1875- 89), who erected the main universitv building and the beautiful church (d. 18 May, 1908, as rector of St. Ansekn's Church, New York City), Bernard Locnikar (1890-94), who made the theological course a model of its kind (d. 7 Nov., 1894). Since 1894, under the presidency of Peter Engel, the university has grown rapidly. The buildings include the main university building, the science hall, the library, the observatory, the gymnasium, and the infirmary. The faculty is composed of 42 professors and instructors, all of whom, except the physical instructor, are Benedic- tines and members of St. John's Abbey. The number of students during the year 1911-12 in all depart- ments was 441.

Hoffmann, St. John's University: a sketch of its history (Col- leceville. Minnesota, 1907): Idem. St. John's Seminary in Amer- ican Ecclesiastical Renew. XVII (Philadelphia, 1S97), 28.'?-97.

Michael Ott.

Unleavened Bread. See Altar, Altar-Breads; AzYMEs; Bread, Liturgical Use of.

Unyanyembe, \'icariate Apostolic of, in Ger- man East -Vfrica, separated from the Vicariate Apos- tolic of Nvanza by a Decree of Propaganda, 30 De- cember, 1886. Its Umits, as fixed on 10 December, 1895, were: on the N. the Vicariate Apostolic of Southern Nyanza; on the S. a line drawn from Lake Manjara (36° E.) along the mountain ridges to the N. W. of Ugago; on the S. the northern limits of Lljanzi, Ugunda, Ugetta, Uvenza, and I'jiji; on the W. Lake Tanganika and the eastern bovmdary of the Congo Free State to the village of Ruanda. This