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 UJEJSKI

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ULFILAS

Ujejski, Cornelius, Polish poet, b. at Beremiany, Galicia, 1823; d. at Cholojewie, 1897. His father was a prosperous landowner, member of an ancient noble family. Cornelius completed his studies at Lembrrg, and while still a student at the university there wrote "Maraton" (1843), a patriotic lyric poem of excellent form. In 1846, at the instigation of the Austrian Government, the Galician peasants massacred several thousand of the nobility. Ujejski then gave utter- ance to the universal feehng of indignation in his powerful poem "Choral", which has become the national hymn of Poland. At Paris, 1847, he pub- lished a volume of poems entitled "Skargi Jeremiego" (Lamentations of Jeremias). He made the acquaint- ance of the most distinguished men in the Polish col- ony at Paris, among them Mickiewicz, and devoted himself with youthful ardour to the poet Juhus Slo- wacki. In 1848 he returned home, and won great popularity. He was regarded and beloved by the peo- ple as their national poet. Ujejski wrote a number of other poems of fine sentiment and perfect poetical form, among them "Kwiaty bez woni" (Flowers with- out perfume), 1848, and "Zwiedle liscie" (Faded leaves) in 1849. In 1852 he pubhshed a second vol- ume of poems entitled "Melodye Biblijne" (Bibhcal Melodies). Ujejski never achieved anything finer than his youthful works, though his later poems are distinguished by strong patriotic feeling, elegance of form, and fine poetic taste.

S. Tarnowski.

TJlenberg, K.\spar, convert, theological writer and translator of the Bible, b. at Lippstadt on the Lippe, Westphaha, in 1549; J. at Cologne, 16 Feb., 1617. He was the son of Lutheran parents and was intended for the Lutheran ministry. He re- ceived his grammar-school education in Lippstadt, Soest, and Brunswick, and from 1569 studied theology at Wittenberg. While studying Luther's writings there his first doubts as to the truth of the Lutheran doctrines were awakened, and were then increased by hearing the disputes between the Protestant theolo- gians and by the appearance of Calvinism in Saxony. After comi)l(>ting his studies he taught for a short time in the Latin school at Lunden in Dithmarschen; he was then sent by his family to Cologne to bring back to Protestantism a kinsman who had become a CathoUc. After accomphshing this task he remained in Cologne, where, through his friendship with Johann Nopelius and Gerwin Calenius (CathoUc countrymen of his), he had an opportunity of becom- ing acquainted with Catholic hfe and teaching. In 1572 he became a Catholic, and soon afterwards, upon obtaining degrees in philosophy at the Univer- sity of Cologne, became professor at the Gymnasium Laurentianum at Cologne. In 1575 he was ordained priest and became parish priest at Kaiserswerth. In 1583 he was made parish priest of St. Cunibert's in Cologne, where he laboured zealously by preaching and catechetical exercises, and made many conver- sions. In l.')(»:! he b( came regent of the Laurentian gymnasium, retaining this position for twenty-two years. From ItiOO to l(i06 he directed the education of princes Wilhclm and Hermann of Baden, sons of Margrave Kdward Fort una! us of Baden-Baden. In 1605 he became parish priest of St. Columba's in Cologne, and from 1610 to 1612 was also rector of the university.

Ulenberg began his literary career at Kaiserswerth with the work, "Die Psalmen David's in allerlci deutsche Gesangreime gebracht" (Cologne, 1582), an excellent liynm-book for the common people, which was widely circ-tilated and often reprinted; the last and revised edition was by M. Kaufmann (Augs- burg, 1835). To the first edition was ai)pended a " Katechismus oder kurzer Bericht der ganzen christl. kathol. Religion sammt Warnung wider allerlei

unserer Zeit Irrthumb". He completed at Cologne (1589) his chief theological work, "Erhebliche und wichtige Ursachen, warumb die altglaubige Catho- lische Christen bei dem alten wahren Christenthumb Ijis in ihren Tod bestandiglich verharren ", of which he also issued a Latin edition entitled: "Causae graves et justae, cur Catholicis in communione veteris ejusque veri Christianismi constanter usque ad finem vitae permanendum, cur item omnibus, qui se Evangehcos vocant, reUctis erroribus ad ejusdem Christianismi consortium vel postliminio redeundum sit". This is one of the best controversial treatises of the sixteenth century and is still instructive reading. A new and revised edition was prepared by M. W. Kerp entitled: " Zwciundzwanzig Beweggriinde. Ein Buch fiir Kath- olische und Evangehsche" (Mainz, 1827, 1833, and 1840). Other works worthy of mention are: "Trost- buch fiir die Kranken und Sterbenden" (Cologne, 1590), often reprinted (new editions. Lucerne, 1835, and Munich, 1858) ; "Historia de vita, moribus, rebus gestis, studiis ac denique morte Praedicantium Lu- theranorum, D. Martini Lutheri, Philippi Melanch- thonis, Matthiae Flacii lUjTici, Georgii Maioris, et Andreae Osiandri", which was edited after Ulenberg's death by Arnold Meshovius (1622), a German edition being issued at Mainz (2 vols., 1836-37). Ulenberg also wrote various shorter polemical and ascetical treatises. His last and most important literary work (Sacra Biblia, das ist, die gantze Heilige Sehrifft, Alten und Neuen Testaments, nach der letzten Romisch Sixtiner Edition mit fleiss iibergesetzt), the Ger- man translation of the Bible, he began (1614) at the request of the Archbishop and Elector of Cologne, Ferdinand Duke of Bavaria, and finished shortly before his death. The first edition appeared at Cologne in 1630; eleven other editions were published at Cologne up to 1747, and eleven more at Nurem- berg, Bamberg, Frankfort, and Vienna. The German Bible which was published (Mainz, 1662) at the com- mand of the Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, Johann Philip Count of Schonborn, was a revision of Ulenberg's translation. This revision, entitled "Die catholische Mainzer Bibel", is still frequently printed and until Allioli's translation appeared was the most popular German translation of the Bible.

Meshovius, De vita, moribus et obilu adm. rererendi et ^xim^i viri Casp. Vlenbergii (Cologne, 163S) ; Hartzheim, Bibliotheca Coloniensis (Cologne, 1747), 53 sq.; Rass, Die Convertiten seit der Reformation, II (Freiburg, 1866), 550-70; Klefpner, KasparUlen- berg aus Lippstadt, Couvertit, Controversist, BibelUbersetzer u. HiS' toriker in Der kathol. Seelsorger, XI (1899), 215-23, 257-65; Keussen, Kaspar Ulenberg in Koln als Erzieker der badisch. Markgra/en Wilhelm u. Hermann 1800-1608 in BeitrSge ziir Gesch. vomehmtich Kolns u. der Rheinlande (Cologne, 1895), 206-22.

Friedrich Lauchert.

TJlfilas (Ulphilas), apostle of the Goths, mis- sionary, translator of the Bible, and inventor of an alphabet, b. probably in 311 (see Bessel, p. 53); d. at Constantinople in 380 or 381. Though Ulfilas in speech and sympathies was thoroughly Gothic, he was di'seendcd not from Teutonic ancestors, but from Cai)])a(l(icians cajitured, in the reigns of Valerian and Gallicnus, d\u-ing the raids in A.sia Minor made by the (loths from the north of the Danube. There seems to be no valid reason for thinking Ulfilas was not born a Christian (Hodgkin ])laces his conver- sion during his residence at Constantinople). As a young man he was sent to that city either as a hostage or an ambassador, and, after occupying for sometime t he posit ion of lect or in t he church, he was consecrated bishoj) in his thirtieth year by the celebrated Arian bislio]) of Nicomedia, Eusebius. Shortly after his consecration he returned to Dacia and during the remaining forty years of his life he laboured among his fellow-countrymen as a missionary. The first eight or ten years of his missionary life were spent in Dacia, after which because of the persecution of his pagan countrymen he was compelled with mani' of his