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 UGANDA

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UHTRED

della Torre (1291) and Bertrando di Saint Genais (1340) on arrount of the loyalty displayed by the Udinese in the wars against the Visconti of Milan and against the small fevidatories. As early as the thir- teenth century Udine was the ordinary residence of the patriarciis, and in 134S, when Aquileia was de- stroyed by an earthquake, the see was definitively transferred to ITdine. In 1381 the city opposed Car- dinal PhiUp of Alengon, who had been given the See of Aquileia in cummendam; they wished to have an efTecti\-e prince and patriarch, and the consequent war ended only with the cardinal's renunciation (1387). There was also a popular rising against Gio- vanni, Margrave of Moravia, who wished to revise the Constitution. In 1420 Udine, after a long siege, sur- rendered to the Venetians, and thenceforward it belonged to the republic, being the capital of Friuli. However, it retained in substance its ancient form of government. Udine was the birthplace of the military leaders Savorgnano and CoUoredo and the painters Giovanni da Udine, Pellegrino da S. Daniele, Giovanni di Martino, and Odorieo Politi.

In 1752 the Patriarchate of Aquileia was suppressed, and the two Archbishoprics of Udine and Gorizia were formed, the former embracing that part of the patriarchate which was subject to the Republic of Venice. The first archbishop was Daniele Dolfin (1 752-62), who retained the title of patriarch. In ISIS Udine became a bi.shopric, subject to the metropolitan See of Venice; Pius IX, however, in 1S46, re-estab- lished the Archbishopric of Udine, though without sufTragans. The archdiocese contains 201 parishes, with 438,000 souls; 703 priests, 3 houses of male and 6 of female religious; 2 educational establishments for bovs, and 6 for girls.

Cappelletti, Le chiese d'ltalia, VIII; CicoNi, Udine e sua protincia (Udine, 1862).

U. Benigni.

Uganda. See Upper Nile, Vicariate Apos- tolic OF THE.

Ugento, Diocese of (Uxextin). — The City of Ugento. with its small harbour, is situated in the Province of Lecce, in Apulia, on the Gulf of Taren- tum. It is the ancient Uxenlum, and claims to have been founded by Uxens, who is mentioned in the Eighth Book of the jEneid. In ancient times it w;is an important cit}'. In 1537 it was destroyed by the Turks. Under the Byzantine domination it had Greek bishops. Of the Latin bishops the first known was the Benedictine Simeon, of unknown date. Others worthy of mention are: St. Charles Borromeo (1.5.30-37); Antonio Sebastiano Minturno, poet (15.59); the Carmelite Desidcrio Mazzapica (1.566), who was distinguished at the Council of Trent; and the great canonist Agostino Barbosa (1649). In 1818 the Diocese of Alessano (the ancient Leuca) was united to that of Ugento. The Greek Rite flourished in many places in this diocese until 1591, when it was abolished by Bishop Ercole Lancia. The diocese is suffragan of Otranto, and contains 30 parishes, 60,000 souls, 129 priests, secular and regular, 1 house of male religious, 4 houses of female religious, and 3 schools for girls.

Cappelletti, Le Chiese d'ltalia, XXI.

U. Benigni.

Ugbelli, Ferdinando, historian, b. at Florence, 21 March, 1.595; d. 19 May, 1670. Having entered the Cistercian Order in his native city, he was sent to the Gregorian University, Rome, where he studied under the Jesuits, Francesco Piccolomini and John de Lugo. He filled many important posts in his order, being Abbot of Settimo (Florence), and from 13S Abbot of Tre Fontane, Rome. He was skilled in ecclesiastical history. To encourage him in this work and to defray the expense of the journeys it entailed Alexander VII granted him an annual pension of 500

scudi. He wa-s a consultor of the Index and theolo- gian to Cardinal Carlo de' Medici, and was fre(iuently offered the episcopal dignity, which he refused to ac- cept. He was buried in his abbatial church. His chief work is "Italia sacra sive de episeojiis Italia;" (9 vols., Rome, 1643-62), abridged by Ambrogio Lu- cent! (Rome, 1704); re-edited with corrections and ad- ditions by Nicola Coleti (Venice, 1717-22), with a tenth volume. In compiling this work, he frequently had to deal with matters not previously treated by historians; as a result, the "Italia sacra", owing to the imperfections of historical science in Ughelli's day, especially from the point of view of criticism and di]i- lomatics, contains serious errors, particularly as the author was more intent on collecting than on weigh- ing documents. Nevertheless his work wifh all its imperfections was necessary to facilitate the labours of critical historians of a later daj', and is consulted even now. Among his other WTitings are: "Cardi- nalium elogia ex sacro ordine cisterciensi " (Florence, lt)24), on the writers and saints of his order and the papal privileges granted to it; "Columnensis familis cardinalium imagines" (Rome, 16.50), and genealogi- cal works on the "Counts of Mar.sciano" .and the "Capizucchi" (Rome, 1667, 16,53); "Aggiunte" to the " Vitaj pontificum" of Ci.aconius. In the last volume of the "Italia sacra" he published various historical sources until then unedited.

LucENTI, Italia sacra restricta, I (Rome, 1704), preface; JoNGE- UN, Notit. abbatiarum ord. cisterc. (Cologne, 1640) ; VisCH, Bibl. script, cisterc, XII (2nd ed., Cologne, 1656).

U. Benigni.

Uhtred (Utred, Owtred), an English Benedic- tine theologian and writer, b. at Boldon, North Dur- ham, about 1315; d. at Finchale Abbey, 24 Jan., 1396. He joined the Benedictines of Durham .A.bbey about 1332 and was sent to London in 1337. Three years later he entered Durham College, a house which the Durham Benedictines had established at Oxford for those of their members who pursued their studies at the University of Oxford. He was gr.iduated there as licentiate in 1352 and as doctor in 1357. During the succeeding ten years, and even previously, he took part in numerous disputations at Oxford University, many of which were directed against members of the mendicant orders. It is on this account that Bale (loc. cit. below) wrongly designates him as a sujiporter of Wyclif. In 1367 he became prior of Finchale .\bbey, a position to which he was appointed three other times, in 1379, 13S6, and 1392. In 13r.8andin 1381 he was subpriorat Durham Abbey. Along with Wyclif he was one of the delegates sent by Edw'ard III to the pap.al representatives at Bruges in 1374, with the purpose of reaching an agreement concerning the vexed question of canonical provision in England. In the same yea.- he represented Durham .Abbey at a council held by Edward, Prince of Wales, for the pur- pose of determining whether the king was obliged to recognize the jiapal suzerainty which had been grant- ed to Innocent III by King .John. On this occasion Uhtreddefended the pope's right of overlordship, but, when on the following day the assembly ea.st its vote contrarily, he followed their example. (P'lores Hist or., RoUs Series, III, 337, 9.) Among his Uterary works, none of which have as yet been printed, are worthy of mention : "De substantialibusregula> monachalis", pre- served in the Durham Cathedral Library; "Contra querelas f>.atrum", written about 1390, extant in the Briti.sh'Museum : and a Lat in translation of the "Eccle- siastical History" of Eusebius, which is also preserved in the British Piluseum.

Vita Compendiosa Uthredi, mnnnrhi Dunelmensis, written by an unknown writer (probably John WrssinEton, Prior of Durham, 1416-1446) and preserved in the Itritij^h Museum; Pollard in Din. of Nat. Bioar.. s. v.; Tannf.h, lUhlintheca Brit. llib. (1748), 74.3-4; Bale, .Script, lUuslr. Majuris Britannia (Basle, l,'i.57-9), VI, 53.

Michael Ott.