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 TDLANCINGO

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TULLE

of the Diocese of Nueya Segovia was located at Lalloc on the Cagayan K'iver, a city which hes within the present Lmits of the new Diocese of Tuguegarao. The history of the Catholic Church in the Cagayan Valley for the three hundred years preceding the Spanish-American War is practically the history of the Spanish Dominican Fathers in this territory. The diocese counts (1912) 23 native secular priests, two Spanish seculars, 17 Spanish Dominicans and 7 Belgian missionaries. There is a boys' college in charge of the Dominican Father.?, and a girls' academy under the direction of the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres. The population, which is entirely native, numbers about 200,000. With the exception of a few thousand Aglipayans they are all Catholics. The first Ijishop, the Rt. Rev. Maurice Patrick Foley, was appointed on 10 September, 1910.

Maurice Foley.

Tulancingo, Diocese of (de TtrLANCiNGo),in the Mexican lii-pulilic, suffragan of Mexico. Its area is about M)00 s(iiiaro miles, that is to say, almost that of the State of Hidalgo, in which the diocese is situated. It comprises the greater part of the State of Hidalgo, with the exception of a few parishes situated in the western part, and which belong to the Archbishopric of Mexico; but in return it has a few parishes in the State of Vera Cruz. Its population is 641,895 (1910). The bishop lives in the town of Tulancingo (popula- tion, 8000), although the capital of the state is the important mining town of Pachuca, situated 7962 feet above the level of the sea, with a population of about 38,620 inhabitants (1910). The Gospel was first preached in this territory in the first half of the six- teenth century by the Franciscan Fathers shortly after their arrival in Mexico; they then founded a convent at Tulancingo, whose first guardian was the venerable Father Juan Padilla, who died from the re- sults of an assault made by the unfaithful Indians of New Mexico. The Augustinian Fathers also worked in this region.

On 16 March, 1863, Pius IX made this see suffragan of the Archbishopric of Mexico. When created, many asked that the episcopal see be in the city of Hue- jutla; preference was given, however, to the city of Tulancingo. This new see was formed from thirty- eight parishes of the Archbishopric of Mexico, and from sixteen taken from the Bishopric of Puebla. It has 1 seminarj' with 40 students; 39 parochial schools;

5 Catholic colleges, and about 2352 students; there are

6 Protestant colleges with 255 students, and 6 Protes- tant churches. The town of Tulancingo existed long before the conquest; it is said to have been founded by the Toltecas in a. d. 697 and bore the name of ToUantzinco. Its most noted building is the cathe- dral, built in the beginning of the nineteenth century.

Vera, Catecismo geogrdfico hUtdrico estadistico de la igl. m^-x. (Amecameca, 18S1).

Camillu.s Crivelli.

Tulasne, Lodis-Ren6, a noted botanist, b. at Azay-le-Rideau, Dept. of Indre-et-Loire, France, 12 Sept., 1815; d. at Hyeres in southern France 22 Dec, 1885. He studied law at Poitiers, but later turned his attention to botany and worked tmtil 1842 in company with Auguste de Saint-Hilaire on the flora of Brazil. He was an assistant naturalist at the Museum of Natural History at Paris 1842-72; after this he retired from active work. In 1845 he was elected a member of the Academy to succeed Adrien de Jussieu. Tulasne was a very industrious, skilful, and successful investigator. He published at Paris nu- merous botanical works, the first appearing in 1845; he first wrote on the jihanerogamia, as for instance, on the leguminosa; of South America, then on the crypto- gamia, and especially on the fungi. He gained a world-wide reputation by his microscopic study of fungi (the science of mycology), especially by his in-

vestigation of the small parasitic tungi,reseaTcheswhich threw much light on the obscure and complicated his- tory of the'r e\'olution. In this science he worked in collaboration with his brother Charles (b. 5 Sept., 1816; from 1843 a physician at Paris; d. at Hyeres, 21 Aug., 1885). The chief publications issued by the two brothers are: "Fungi hypogaei" (fol., Paris, 1851), and "Selectafungorumcarpologia" (3 vols. fol., Paris, 1861-65), a work of the greatest importance for mycology, particularly on account of the splendid illustrations in the sixty-one plates. Tulasne wrote numerous mycological treatises for various periodi- calssuchasthe "Annalesdes sciences nat."; "Archives du museum"; "Comptes rendus"; "Botanische Zei- tung". He left his botanical library to the Catho- lic Institute of Paris. Tulasne openly acknowledged his desire to glorify God by his scientific labours. Sev- eral genuses of fungi, as weO as several species, are named after Tulasne, as Tulasneinia, Tulasnella.

Sachs, Oescli. der Botanik (Munich, 1875) ; .Magnus, Xekrulog in Berichte der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft, IV (Berlin, 1887).

J. S. Rompel.

Tulle, Diocese of (Tutelensis), comprises the Department of Correze. It was suppressed by the Concordat of 1802, which joined it to the See of Limoges, but was theoretically re-established by the Concordat of 1817, and de facto re-erected by Bulls dated 6 and 31 October, 1822. It is suffragan of Bourges. According to legends which grew up in later years around the St. I^Iartial cycle, that saint, who had been sent by St. Peter to preach, is said to have restored to life at Tulle the son of the governor, Nerva, and to have covered the neighbouring coun- try with churches. By some of the legends St. Mar- tin of Tours is made founder of the Abbey of Tulle; by others, St. Calmin, Count of Auvergne (seventh cen- tury). Robbed of its possessions by a powerful family, it recovered them in 930 through the efforts of a member of the same family, Viscount .4dhemar, who left a reputation for sanctity. St. Odo, Abbot of Cluny, reformed it in the tenth century. .John XXII by a Bull dated 13 August, 1317, raised it to episcopal rank; but the chapter remained subject to monastic rule and was not secularized until 1514. Among the bishops of Tulle were: Hugues Roger, known as Car- dinal de Tulle (1342-43), who was never consecrated, and lived with his brother Clement VI; Jean Fabri (1370-71), who became cardinal in 1371; Jules Mas- caron, the preacher (1671-79), who was afterwards Bishop of Agen; Leonard Berteaud, preacher and theologian (1842-78). St. Rodolphe of Turenne, Archbishop of Bourges, who died in 866, founded, about 855, the Abbey of Beaujieu in the Diocese of Tulle. The Charterhouse of Glandier dates from 1219; the Benedictine Abbey of Uzerche was founded between 958 and 991; Meymac Prion,-, which became an abbey in 1146, was founded by Archambaud III, \'iscount de Conborn.

Urban II on his way to Limoges from Clermont (1095) passed near Tulle. St. Anthony of Padua dwelt for a time at Brive, towards the end of October. 1226; and the pilgrimage to the Grotto of Brive is the only existing one in France in honour of that saint. Pierre Roger, who became pope under the name of Clement VI, was a native of Maumont in the diocese. In 1352 the tiara was disputed between Jean Birel, general of the Carthusians, who had been prior of Glandier, and Etienne Aubert, who became pope un- der the name Innocent VI, and was a native of Chdteau-des-Monts in the Diocese of Tulle. In 1362 Hugues Roger, Cardinal of Tulle, brother of Clement VI, refused the tiara; in 1370 Pierre Roger, his nephew, became pope under the name of Gregory XI. At Tulle and in Bas (Lower) Limousin, everj- year, on the vigil of St. John the Baptist, a feast is kejjt which is known as k lour dc la lunade (the change of the