Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 14.djvu/873

 TOUCHET

795

TOULOUSE

la longua totonaca" and the "Gramatica et Lexicon Linguse Mexicanae, Totonaquse et Huastecse" (the latter printed in INIexico, 1560) by the Franciscan missionary, Fr. Andres de Olmos (d. 1571), noted for his mastery of several of the native languages. An "Arte" or manual by Fr. Francisco Dominguez was published in Puebla, 1752, and a catechism and extended vocabularies in two dialects by the same author shortly afterward, with a reprint in Puebla, 1837. Pimentel gives a sketch of the language in his "Cuadro Descriptivo", I (Mexico, 1862-65; 1874-75). Much manuscript material, linguistic and religious, remains unpubhshed.

Bancroft, Native Races of the Pacific States {San Francisco, 1882): Idem. Hist, of Mejrico (San Francisco, 1886-88); Brinton, American Race (New York, 1891); Pilung. Proofsheets of a Bibl. of the Langs, of the North. .Am. Inds. (Bur. Am. Ethnology, Washington, 1885); Prescott, Hist. Conquest of Mexico (New York and London, 1843) : Sahagun, Hisloria General de Nuem BspaHa (Mexico. 1829) ; St.arr, Ethnography of Southern Mexico in Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences, VIII (Daven- port, 1901).

James Moonet

Touchet, George Anselm, b. at Stalbridge, Dor- set; d. about 16S&. He was second son of Mervyn, twelfth Lord Audley, second Earl of Castlchaven, and a man of profligate life; his first wife was Elizabeth Barnham. He was professed as a Benedictine at St. Gregory's, Douai, 22 Nov., 1643, taking the name Anselm in religion. Being sent on the mi.ssion in the south of England, he was finally appointed chaplain to Queen Catherine of Braganza in 1671. In that capacity he lived at Somerset House till 1675, when he was banished. Dodd states that he was expressly excluded from the succession to the Earldom of Castle- haven by the Act of Parliament which in 1678 con- firmed the earldom to hi? elder brother James. While living in London he published a book called "Histor- ical Collections out of several grave Protestant His- torians concerning the Changes in religion, and the strange confusions following, etc." (1674; 2nd ed., 1686), and in 1680 he issued "The Secret Paths of Divine Love", translated by him from the French of Const ant ine Barbason.

Dodd. Church History, III (Bru-ssels rere Wolverhampton. 1737-1742): Kirk, Biographies of English Catholics (London, 1909); Oliver. Collections (London, 18,57); Weldon, Chronolog- ical Notes (London, 1881): Snow, Necrology of the English Bene- dictines (I_x)ndon, 1883); Cooper in Diet. Nat. Biog.; Gillow, Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath.

Edwin Burton. TouL See Nancy, Diocese of. Toulon. See Fr£jus, Diocese of.

Toulouse, Archdiocese of (Tolo.'^ensis), in- cludes the Department of Haute-G.ironne. As re- established by the Concord>at of 1802 it included the Departments of Haute-G,aronne and Ariege, at which time the archbi.'^hop joined to his own the title c>{ Auch, jurisdiction over Auch being given to the Dio- cese of Agen, also the title of Narbonne, an .archdio- cese over which jurisdiction went by the Concordat to the Diocese of Carcas.sonne, .and the title of .\]h\, over which, though formerly an archdiocese, jurisdiction went by the Concord:it to the See of Montpellier. In consequence of the creation of the .\rchdioreses of Auch and Albi under the Pestor.ation, the .Arch- bishop of Toulouse only styled himself Archbishop of Toulouse and Narbonne, .and when the Dioce.se of Pamiers w.as created the limits of the Archdiocese were restricted to the Department of Haute-Garonne. As thus marked off by the Bull "Paterna> C.aritatis", July, 1822, the Archdioce.se of Toulou.se includes .al- most the whole of the ancient Dioceses of Toulouse, Rieux, and Comminges, and a few small portions of the .ancient Dioce.'ses of Montauban, Lavaur, St- Papoul, Mirepoix, .and Lombez.

1. Diocese of Toulouse. — Toulouse, chief town

of the Tectosagi, at the end of the second century B. c. tried to shake off the j'oke of Rome during the invasion of the Cimbri, but at the beginning of the empire it was a prosperous Roman civitas with famous schools in which the three brothers of the Emperor Constantine were pupils. In the fourth century it was reckoned the fifteenth town in importance in the empire. In 413 it was taken bj' Astulph, the Goth, and in 419 imder Wallia it became the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom. In 508 after conquest by Clovis it became Prankish. Legends of more or less recent

The Cathedral, Toulouse

date claim that it was evangelized by St. Martial (see Limoges, Diocese of), but as far as hi.storical evi- dence goes the see seems to have been founded by St. Saturninus (Sernin) in the middle of the third cen- tury. The "Passio Sancti Saturnini" corroborates this date as that of his incumbency and m.artyrdom. Subsequent tradition claims that he was a disciple of St. Peter. St. Papoul (see Carcassonne, Diocese of) was his companion and like him a martyr. The name of St. Honoratus, given in .some lists as >St. Saturninus's successor, .seems to have crept in through error from the fabulous legend of .St. Firminus of Amiens .and, according to Mgr Duchesne, ought to be omitted. Among the bishops of Toulou.se may be mentioned: Rhodanius (3.50-,58), exiled by Constan- tius to Phrygia because of his elTorts .against Arianism .at the Council of B(''ziers in 356; ,St. Hil.ary, whom some historians pl:ice before Rhodanius, but who is placed after him by Mgr Duchesne; .St. .Sylvius (,360- 400); ,'^t. Exuperius (c. 4(X)), who drove from his dio- cese in 405 the heretic Vigilant ius, s.aved Toulouse from the ravages of the Vandals, and was the friend of St. Jerome; i*^!. Germcrius (Germier), whose episco- pate (c. ,541) is questioned by Mgr Duchesne; Mag- nulphus (c. .585), exiled by King Gondeb.aud; St. Erembert (657), a monk of Fontenelle who returned to his mon;istery to die.

From being the capital of the Duchy of Aquitaine, from 631, Toulou.se became in 778 the capital of the County of Toulouse created by Charlemagne, and which in the tenth centurj' w.as one of the main fiefs of the crown. Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse,