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the Jesuits, and made arrangements to bring the Loreto nuns to the diocese. Appointed by the Gov- ernment to the Council of Public Instruction, he pre- sided over that body. Hediedon lOct., lS47,of typhus contracted while attending the immigrants at the fever-sheds. His succe.ssor, Armand-Frangois-Marie Comte de Charbonnel, a Sulpician, born at Monistrol- sur-Loire, France, 1 Dec, 1S02, w^ consecrated by Pius IX in the Sistine Chapel, 26 May, 1850. He gave his paternal estates to liquidate the debts of his diocese, introduced the Basilians (Annonay), the Brothers of the Christian Schools, and Sisters of St. Joseph, and was present at the First and Second Pro- vincial Councils of Quebec. His diocese was divided in 1856 by the erection of Hamilton and London as sees. With his fellow-bishops of Upper Canada, he engaged in the struggle for separate schools, which had a successful outcome under his successor. In 1860 he resigned to join the Capuchins, being appointed titu- lar Bishop of Sozopolis, and afterwards titular arch- bishop of the same see. He died on 29 March, 1891. His successor at Toronto was John Joseph Lynch, CM., who was born at Clones, County Monaghau, Ireland, 6 Feb., 1816. As a Lazarist, he did missionary and professorial work in Ireland and the United States, being rector of a seminary which he founded at Niagara Falls, New York, when appointed (26 Aug., 1859) titular Bishop of /Echinas, and coadjutor with right of succession to Bishop de Charbonnel.

On the resignation of Bishop de Charbonnel on 26 April, 1860, Bishop Lynch became Bishop of To- ronto. He brought to the diocese the Redemptorists, Carmehtes, Sisters of the Precious Blood, and Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of Refuge ; was present at the Third and Fourth Provincial Councils of Quebec; and also at the Council of the Vatican, where he favoured the immediate promulgation of Papal Infallibility, and acted on the commissions on missions and Oriental rites. During the council (IS Mar., 1870) his diocese was raised to metropolitan rank. He died on 12 May, 1888. In 1879 Archbishop Lynch received as auxil- iary Timothy O'Mahony, titular Bishop of Eudocia, and former Bi-shop of Armidale, Australia, who died on 8 Sept., 1892. John Walsh, second archbishop, born at Mooncoin, County Kilkenny, Ireland, 23 May, 1830, was ordained for the Diocese of Toronto, of which he was vicar-general when appointed Bishop of Sandwich in 1867. On 13 August, 1889, he became Archbishop of Toronto, where he renovated the cathedral, and founded St. John's Industrial School. The Irish Race Convention of 1896 was organized at his suggestion. He was noted as a writer and preacher. His death occurred on 31 July, 1898. Denis O'Connor, C.S.B., his successor, was born at Pickering, Ontario, 28 March, 1841. A Basihan, he taught for several years in that community, being superior of the Assumption College, Sandwich, when chosen Bishop of London, Ontario, where he was consecrated on 19 Oct., 1890. On 27 January, 1899, he was created Arch- bishop of Toronto. Here he established several new parishes, gave special attention to conferences for the clergy and to the study of Christian doctrine by the young. In 1908 he resigned, being appointed titular Archbishop of Laodicea. He died at St, Basil's Novi- tiate, Toronto, 30 June, 1911. His successor, Fergus Patrick McEvay, was born at Lindsay, Ontario, 8 De- cember, 18.56. Ordained for King.ston, he was trans- ferred to the new Diocese of Peterborough, where he was rector of the cathedral, and then went to Hamil- ton with Bishop Dowling. There he was appointed rector of the cathedral and vicar-general, and re- ceived the papal honours of private chamberlain and domestic prelate. Consecrated Bisho|j of lyondon, Ontario, 6 Aug., 1899, he was promote<l to Toronto, 13 April, 190,S, He founded new parislics, re!)uilt the cathedral palace, erected a new archit'pi.';<'0])a! residence, and began St. Augustine's Seminary, do-

nated by Mr. Eugene O'Keefe (private chamberlain to His Holiness). At the First National Council of Canada, Archbishop McEvay was chairman of the commission ad novas nrnterias; he was also instru- mental in founding the Cathohc Church Extension Society of Canada. He died on 10 May, 1911.

Civil incorporation took place on 25 March, 1845, under the title of " The Roman CathoUc Episcopal Cor- poration for the Diocese of Toronto in Canada". All ecclesiastical property in the archdiocese, except that belonging to religious communities, is vested in this corporation. There have been three synods (1842, 1863, 1882) and one provincial council (1875). IJoth clergy and people are for the most part of Irish extraction, with a small percentage of English and Scotch. There are however three parishes exclusively French, three mixed (French and EngUsh), 1 for Poles, Itahans, Ruthenians, and Syrians, respectively, and one Indian mission. In the archdiocese are 58 churches with resident pastors and 37 mission churches, 81 diocesan priests, and 39 of religious ordere or communities; 39 separate schools, 2 high schools, 6 academies, 2 industrial schools, 1 domestic science school, 1 college for young men, 2 ladies' col- leges, and 1 diocesan seminary (in course of erection). There are 8009 children in the schools and institu- tions. The Catholic population is about 70,000. The Basilians have St. Michael's College, 1 novitiate and scholasticate, 2 parishes and 2 missions; the Carmel- ites, a monastery, novitiate, and house of studies, 2 parishes and 1 mission; the Jesuits, 1 parish, 1 Indian mission, 2 other missions and a memorial chapel on the spot where Fathers de Brebeuf and Lalement were killed; the Redemptorists, 1 monastery and 1 parish (they also give missions throughout the province). The Brothers of the Christian Schools have the De La Salle Institute, St. John's Industrial School, a junior novitiate, and 6 separate schools; the Institute of the Blessed Virgin (Sisters of Loreto), the mother- house for .America, a novitiate, a laches' college, 3 academies, 6 separate schools, and 1 domestic science school; the Sisters of St. Joseph, their mother-house and novitiate, a ladies' college, 3 academies, 1 high school, 21 separate schools, a House of Providence for the aged poor, St. Vincent's Home for Infants, Sacred Heart Orphanage, and St. Michael's Hospital; the Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of Refuge, a convent and novitiate, a girls' industrial school and refuge; the Sisters Adorers of the Precious Blood, a novitiate and convent. The chaplaincies of the central prison, the reformatory for women (each of which ha,s a Catholic chapel), and the hospitals for the insane belong to St. Michael's Cathedral, but are temporarily filled by the Basilians. The jails, hospitals, and military barracks are attended by the parochial clergy of their respect- ive districts.

The city of Toronto has a population of 376,240 (about 45,000 Catholics), and is an educational and commercial centre. There are 22 city parishes, with 40 secular and 12 regular priests. St. Michael's Cathedral, modelled after York Minster, is of the Gothic style of the fourteenth century. It was sol- emnly dedicated on 29 September, 184S. Toronto Uni- versity has Catholic representatives on its Board of Governors, Senate, and Staff, and Catholic students under the various faculties. Federated with this in- stitution is St. Michael's College. Catholic pedagog- ical students attend the provincial normal school and faculty of education. There are sodalities .and con- fraternities in every parish, as well as Catholic frater- nal and benefit "societies. The Catholic Church Extension Society of Canada aids the Northern and Western missions; St. Vincent de Paul Society re- lieves tlie poor; a Children's .\id Society under the same patron protects children of ilissolute parents; the St. Elizabeth Nurses' .Association cares for the sick in their homes. The CathoUc Truth Society and