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 TOLEDO

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TOLEDO

Even after Detroit had become a separate diocese, the Rev. P. Carabin, pastor at Monroe, enumerat_es many on his hsts as "inhabitants of Toledo" (1837).

The building of water-ways along the hne of the Maumee River from the Ohio and the Wabash to Lake Erie did much to open up the country to Ger- man and Irish immigrants invited by Bishops Fen- wick and Purcell, of Cincinnati, to avail themselves of the opportunities of labour and farming.

After 1830 organized congregations began to take the place of scattered missions, and a resident pastor was placed at St. Mary's, Tiffin, in 1831.

In 1841 Rev. Aniadcus Rappe organized St. Fran- cis de Sales's Parish, Toledo, of which he was pastor until his appointment as first Bishop of Cleveland in 1847. Associated with him and succeeding him in this pastorate was Rev. Louis de Goesbriand, first Bishop of Burlington, Vermont. Among the pioneer priests of this section were Fathers Badin, Ignatius MuUon, Edward T. Collins, Projectus J. Machebanif (afterwards Bishop of Denver"), E. Thienpont, and Henry Damien Juncker (later Bishop of Alton), men eminent for learning as well as piety; and these had the co-operation of the Redemptorist and Sanguinist Fathers, under the leadership respectively of Father Tschenhens (1832) and Father Francis de Sales Brun- net (1844). Members of the latter congregation (C.PP.S.), which was introduced by Father Brunner, are still (1912) in charge of parishes and missions in the Diocese of Toledo.

The growth of CathoUcism was particularly notice- able in the city of Toledo. At the date of its erec- tion into an episcopal see there were within the city twenty parishes. This rapid increase had been greatly promoted by a steady influx after 1870 of Poles and Hungarians, employed largely in factories, quarries, and public works.

Among the priests prominent in Toledo in this period of development were: the Rt. Rev. F. M. Boff (1859), who in 1872 was made Vicar-General of Cleve- land and held the unique distinction of having served as administrator of that diocese not less than six times in a period of forty years (d. 22 March, 1912); Father Edward Hannin (1863), who was adrninis- trator of the Diocese of Cleveland from the resigna- tion of Bishop Rappe to the appointment of Bishop Gilmour, and who when over seventy years of age undertook the building of one of the finest church edifices in the Middle West; and Rev. Patrick F. Quigley, whose widely-noticed action against state interference in parish schools, in the matter of reports and truancy, gave occasion for much hostile demon- stration, especially on the part of members of the A. P. A. This priest's contention before the several courts was ably if not successfully maintained by the Hon. Frank H. Hurd, a convert to Cathohcism, and a congressman, celebrated for his convincing advocacy of free trade.

The commercial advantages of the city and the numerical strength of Catholics had long drawn atten- tion to Toledo; and on the death of Bishop Horst- mann (1908) the bishops of the Province of Cincin- nati recommended to the Holy See the division of the Diocese of Cleveland. The request was favourably considered, and Toledo was named as the seat of the new diocese, with St. Francis de Sales's designated as its cathedral church. Rt. Rev. John P. Farrelly, D.D., who had been consecrated Bishop of Cleveland, 1 May, 1909, was ai>])(iinted temporary administrator. Rt. Rev. .loseiih Schrcmbs, D.D., first bishop, was born at Wuzelhofen, near Rati.sbon, Bavaria, 12 March, 186G. Following his elder brother, Rudesind, who had become a Benedictine monk at St. Vincent's, Pennsylvania, he came to the I'nited States in 1877. He completed his course of humanities when but 16 years of age at St. Vincent's College, near Pitts- burg. After a few years spent in teaching, he was

accepted by Bishop Richter as a student for the Dio- cese of Grand Rapids, and entered the Seminary of Montreal in 1884. On 29 June, 1889, Rev. Mr. Schrembs was ordained priest in the cathedi-al at Grand Rapids. He was successively assistant and pastor at St. Mary's Church, West Bay City, and was transferred to St. Mary's Church, Grand Rapids, Oct., 1900. In 1903 he was appointed vicar-general of the diocese, and was named domestic prelate, Jan., 1906. Meantime he had brought about the estab- lishment of a high school at Grand Rapids, thus dem- onstrating the feasibility of intermediate grades for the Catholic common school. On 22 Feb., 1911, he was consecrated titular Bishop of Sophene and auxil- iary to the Bishop of Grand Rapids. He at once espoused the cause of workmen in their difficulties with the employers in the furniture factories, skilfully averted a panic, and contributed much to bring about an agreement. On 11 Aug., 1911, he was transferred to the See of Toledo. A notable demonstration marked his entry into the city on Sunday, 1 Oct., and on 4 Oct. he was entlironed in his cathedral church.

Pabkman, Lasalle and the Discovery of the Great West (Boston, 1899), xi, 151; Idem, Conspiracy of Pontiac. I, v, 162; xiii, 281; II, xxxi, 317; Shea, Cath. Church in the United Stales (New York, 1886), 1,631; 11(1888), 387, 474 sqq.; Jesuit Relations (Cleveland, 1900), LXIX, 191; Scribner, Memoirs (Western Historical Asso- ciation, Madison, Wisconsin, 1910); Hodck. Catholic Church in Northern Ohio, I (Cleveland, 1903). 1 sqq.; United Stales Catholic Historical Magazine, IV, xiii, 22; United States Catholic Magazine (March. 1848), 155; Diocesan Reports (Cleveland and Toledo, 1911); parish records: St. Antoine de la Riviere aux Raisins; St. Francis de Sales, Toledo; St. Mary's, Tiffin, Ohio.

John T. O'Connell.

Toledo, Francisco, philosopher, theologian, and exegete, son of an actuary, b. at C6rdova, 4 Oct., 1532; d. at Rome, 14 Sept., 1596. He studied philosophy at Valencia and theology under Domingo Soto at Salamanca. At the age of twenty- three he taught philosophy at Sala- manca, and, after his ordination, en- tered the Society of Jesus there, 3 June, 1558, and made his novitiate at Simanacas. In 1559 he went to Rome and was pro- fessed in 1.564. He successively filled the posts of mas- ter of novices, pro- fessor of philoso- phy for three years. Scholastic and moral theology for six years, and prefect of studies of the Roman College. He was theologian of the Sacred Penitentiary and preacher to the pope and cardinals for twenty-four years, accompanied Monsignor Commendone on his mission to the Empe- ror Maximilian and King Sigismund of Poland, and was the envoy of various popes to Vienna, Poland, Germany, Bavaria, and Louvain, where he received Baius's abjuration of the propositions which had been condemned by Pius V and Gregory XIII. Clement VIII created him cardinal, 17 September, 1593; this dignity, it seems, he desired to renoimce in 1594 so that he would be free to retire and die in one of the Jesuit houses. He was largely instrumental in the reconciliation of Henry IV to the Church and to Spain; at his death Henry had a memorial service for him in Paris. As a religious he is classed by Ma- riana as of ordinary virtue; he was dispensed froni religious obedience by a secret papal Brief, lived in

Francisco Cardinal Toledo