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 TOLEDO

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TOLEDO

132G were also called by Don Juan, the first to pub- lish certain papal constitutions and to regulate the life of clerics, and the second to deal with questions of ecclesiastical law and the chastity of the clergy. Tlie council of 1339 convoked by Cardinal Arch- bishop Albornoz treated points of disciphne and ordered all parish priests to take a census of their parishes. Archbishop Don Vasco convoked the council of 1355, the decisions of which were not important. The Western Schism was the occasion of the convoking of another provincial council under Archbishop Tenorio in 1379, in which it was agreed to remain neutral, professing allegiance for the moment neither to the pope at Rome nor the pope at Avignon. The provincial council of 1565-66, held during the time that the trial of .■Vrchbishop Carranza de Miranda was pending, was a very notable one giving rise to many incidents; its decrees formed a veritable encyclopedia of ecclesiastical law. The council of 1.5S0 under Cardinal Archbishop Quiroja legislated with regard to converted Moors (Moriscos), and prescribed regulations that were conducive to the preservation of their faith. The council of 1582-83 iiromulgateil very advantageous laws for the propagation of religion and the reform of accepted usages. At that time the suffragan bishops were seven, those of C6rdova, Sigiie.nza, Palencia, Cuenca, Segovia, Jacn, and Osma.

Since the sixteenth century other conciliar reunions have been held, but they do not rank as provincial councils, being simplj- diocesan synods convoked to arrange diocesan affairs and to compile the constitu- tions of the archdioceses. The educational and charitable institutions founded in the diocese both in the past and in our own time have been numerous and important; among tho.se still in existence may be mentioned: in Toledo, the Hospital General del Key, founded in the time of Alfonso VIII of Castile, or St. Ferdinand, for the decrepit, the blind, and the crippled; the Ho.spital Provincial de la Misericordia, founded in the fifteenth century by Dona Guiomar de Mene.scs where the sick of both sexes are cared for by the Sisters of Charity; the Hospital de De- mentes, commonly called "el nuncio", founded at the end of the fifteenth century by Francisco Ortiz; the Hospital de San Juan Bautista, commonly called "de Afuera", founded about 1539 by Car- dinal Archbishop Juan Tavera. Besides these es- tablishments there are in the city of Toledo free pubhc schools for young girls and children and day- nurseries, all in charge of the Sisters of Charity. The Colegio de doncellas vlrgines de Na. Sa. de los Remedios, commonly called "Doncellas nobles", was founded in 1551 by Cardinal Archbishop Siliceo for the maintenance, education, and training of re- spectable young women in reduced circumstances, for whom the college also provides a marriage dower. The Asilio Provincial, supported by the provincial committee, shelters foundlings, orphans, the aged of both sexes, and maintains schools for boys and girls. The Little Si.sters of the Poor (established at Toledo in 1879) care for the aged of both sexes; the tertiaries of the Divina Pastora (established in the city in 188.5) teach girls and assist the sick in their own homes. The Asylum of the Sacred Heart (founded in 1887 by the ])riest, Joaquin de la Madrid) supports, educates, and obtains employment for orphan boys. The Marist Brothers (established in 1901) teach boys and j'oung men, and the Hermana.s del Servicio Dom6s- tico (established in 1902) prepare girls for domestic service and have some orphans imder their care. In various other cities, towns, and villages of the archdiocese there are al.so asylums, hospitals, and free schools. The recognized and authorized Cath- olic periodicals published to-day in the archdiocese are printed in Toledo and are as follows: "Boletin oficial del arzobispado" (founded in 1846), official

ecclesiastical organ, issued on the 10th, 20th, and 30th of each month; "El Castellano", a purely Cathohc publication without political affiliations (founded in January, 1903), issued every Tuesday and Saturday; "El Porvenir" (founded in August, 1903), a pohtico-Catholie supporter of the Carlist cause, and published weekly.

There is no complete history of the Diocese of Toledo. The bibliography of the city, of its territory, its monuments, and its illustrious men is complete and extensive, and for this reason only some books which principally concern the questions treated in this article are given.

PORRENO, Historia episcopal y real de Espafia (MSS. in the Hbrary of the Chapter of the Church of Toledo) ; Castej6n y FONSECA, Primacia de la Sania Iglesia de Toledo (Madrid, 1645). which account of the early historj- of the see should be read with caution, owing to the abundant use of the "false chronicles"; Sevili^vno, De/ensa Christiana polilica y terdadera de la primacia de las Espaftas que goza la Santa lylesia de Toledo (Madrid. 1726); Espana mgrada, V, VI, VII, VIII (Madrid. 17,')0-52). LoREN- z.\NA, pp. Toletanorum quotquot extant opera (Madrid, 1782- 93) : Tejada t Ramiro, Coleccidn de cdnones de la Iglesia espailola (Madrid, 1849-50) ; La Fuente, Historia eclesidstica de Espalia (Barcelona, 1855-59); Parro, Toledo en la mano (Toledo, 1857); MartIn Gameho, Historia de la ciudad de Toledo (Toledo, 1862) ; DE Palazcelos. Loa concilios de Toledo (Barcelona, 1888); de Cedillo, Toledo en al siglo X VI (Madrid, 1901).

CoNDE DE Cedillo.

Toledo, Diocese of (Toletana in America), Ohio, U. S. A., formed out of the Diocese of Cleveland and erected into a separate jurisdiction, 15 April, 1910. It includes the Counties of Lucas (Toledo), Allen, Crawford, Defiance, Fulton, Hancock, Henry, Ottawa, Paulding, Putnam, Sandusky, Seneca, Van Wert, Williams, Wood, and Wyandot; an area of 6969 sq. miles. The principal towns are Lima, Tiffin, Fre- mont, Defiance, and Delphos. Estimated Catholic popukition, 125,000.

There are 86 parishes with resident priests and 25 missions, 95 diocesan priests and 31 of the regular clergy. The number of parish schools is 65, with an enrolment of 13, .500. One college (Jesuit) and three aratlemy-colleges provide the departments for higher education.

The work of charity and reform is supplied by three orphanages, two hospitals, one home for the aged poor, and one house of the Good Shepherd.

History. — The country bordering on Lake Erie was in the path of missioners and trading explorers, who, in the seventeenth century, made their way from Que- bec to the upper Great Lakes. French settlers ven- tured down from Detroit, and a French fort was estab- lished on the Maumee in 1680. Traders followed this river to its source in Indiana, whence it was not diffi- cult to reach the more important posts about Vin- cennes. The lake shore would also have been the natural route for the Jesuit Fathers, who, in tlie latter half of the eighteenth century, journeyed from Detroit to visit the Hurons, and Father Pierre-Joseph de Bonni^camps, returning to the north with d'loron's company from the expedition to the Ohio, entered Lake Erie on the way to Detroit, at the mouth of the ^Iallmee (Miami of the Lake), 5 Oct., 1749.

Bishop Fenwiek, v^Titing to Father Badin in August, 1.S23 ("Cathohc Church in Ohio" in "U. S. Catholic Magazine"), .speaks of Catholic Indians along the Seneca River who crossed to Maiden and Sandwich in Can.ada for marriage and baptism. Father Ed- mund Burke, who signs himself "Vicaire g^'nC-ral du Haut Can;ida", .and was stationed ne;ir the present Monroe (Frenchtown), Michigan, in 1794, visited, not Fort Meigs, as has been asserted, but Fort Miami, at the r.apids of the Maumee; and in 1825 Bishop Fen- wick's vicar-general, F.ither (labriel Richard, who as early as 1806 had ;ittended Monroe from Detroit, indi- cates that the district "de la Bai Miamy" was con- sidered as one with that of St-Antoine on the River Raisin. This can be more easily understood, if we remember that the territorj' of Michigan for a long time laid claim to lands in which Toledo is now located.