Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 14.djvu/831

 TOLEDO

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TOLEDO

uous upholdpr of prclpsiastical discipline, collected pilblicos", and as the bishop of various Spanish die-

and published (with annotations and emendations) the "Collectio eoncilionim llispaniap". Cardinal Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas (1599-1618) was liberal and charitable, and a great patron of letters. His administration was advantageous to the diocese;

ceses (lastly that of Toledo) he defended the Church against the aggressions of revolution, taking part also in Roman affairs, as his high position as cardinal demanded. At this time the Archdiocese of Toledo lost much territory by the erection of the Diocese-

he established its rights over the district of Caz- Priorate of the Military Orders, which takes up oria; secured the ordinary episcopal jurisdiction in the the entire civil Province of Ciudad Real, and was

diocesan territory over the Order of St. John of Jeru salem; and restored to the diocese the important town of Brigueja.

According to reliable statistics the Diocese of Tole- do comprised at that time 4 cities, 183 towns, 322 villages and hamlets, with 816 parishes and 751,733

erected by Pius IX, IS Nov., 1875. Cardinal F. Zeferino Conzalez was an illustrious Dominican and the restorer of Scholasticism, author among many other well-known works of the "Estudios sobre la Filosofia" and "Estudios Religiosos, Filos6ficos, Scientificos y Sociales". He had on various oeca-

souls. The arrhiepiscopal estate yielded at the time sions declined episcopal honours, but at length, after

a revenue of 300,000 ducats. The receipts of the having occupied the sees of Cordova and Seville, he

chapter were also ample; the manufacturing indus- was rai.sed to that of Toledo, governing from 1884 to

tries yielded more than 40.000 ducats annually. The 1885, when he resigned the dignity. A still greater

revenues of all the churches of Spain combined did not greatly exceed in value the archiepis- copal estate of Tole- do. Cardinal Infante D. Fernando de Aus- tria ( 1618-41), brother of Philip IV, the successor of San- doval y Rojas, dis- tinguished himself as an able miUtarj' com- mander and as Vice- roy of the Low Coun- tries, where victory crowned his military efforts. The cardinal- archbishops who sill - ceeded him wire Caspar de Borja (1643-45); Bahazar Moscoso (1646-65); Pasqual de Arag6n

Tavera in the Afuera Hospital. Toledo Alonzo Berruguete, 1557

(1666-77); and Luis Fer- ndndez Porto Carrero (1678-1709). All took an active part in the politics of their time as viceroys, coun.sellors of state, and governors of the realm. Cardinal Francisco Antonio Lorenzana (1772-1800) understood how to wield, at a time when the Church

reduction in the ter- ritorial boundaries of the Diocese of Toledo took place at this time, when the Bull of 7 March, 1885, created the Diocese of Madrid - Alcald, which comjjrises the in tire civil Province 111 Madrid. Cardinal Miiruel Pay a y Rico 1 ■^"^l)-92) was a con- 11 uous figure at the \ L t i can Council A Inn, as Bishop of I uinca, he p re- in mnced the decisive discourse W'hich de- termined the procla- mation of papal infallibility. He was learned and chari- table, and completed the seminary com-

and inaugurated in 18<S9

menced by Inguanzo. Cardinal Antolin Moneseillo (1892-97), a prolific and finished writer, orator, and statesman, wrote among other works: "Manuel del Seminarista", a catechism; various articles touch- ing upon ecclesiastical discipline; and many sermons,

was passing through a crisis, a power which would panegyrics, and pastorals. Cardinal Ciriaco Maria

have done credit to the great prelates instrumental in Sancha (1898-1909) devoted himself mainly to the

the restoration of the Spanish Church in the past, study of social questions. He wrote "Regimen del

Generous and liberal, " Padre de los Pobres" (Father terror en Italia Unitaria" and the " Kulturkampf ",

of the Poor) as he is simply styled in his epitaph. Hi- and numerous discourses and pastoral letters. Car-

terateur, patron of arts and letters, promoter of dinal Gregorio Maria Aguirre, of the Franciscan

national industries and all works of public utility, he Order, ha-s, since October, 1909, occupied the primatial

carried his zeal into all the.se spheres. He rebuilt see of Spain.

many of the city and country churches of his diocese, Toledo is one of the greatest art centres not only

made large bequests to the" Church, improved the of Spain but of the civilized world. Of its princi-

archiepi.scopal library, defrayed the expenses of the pal religious edifices, among which are to be found

monumental work entitled "P. P. Toletanorum quot- notable works of art in the styles prevailing from

quot extant opera", and of the Gothic Missal and Breviary of the Mozarabic Rite. In the city of Toledo the erection of the university building, the foundation of the hospital for the insane, and of the Real Alcazar (which he also restored), and In Fnnrln de la Caridad (a free loflging-house) are a few of the many works that still bear witness to his zeal. His suc- cessor. Cardinal Luis Maria de Borb6n, an Infante of Spain, (1800-23), was president of the regency during the absence of Ferdinand VII. Cardinal

the thirteenth to the eighteenth centuries, may be mentioned: the cathedral, a magnificent five-nave Gothic structure, with numerous additional sec- tions commenced in 1227 by King St. Ferdinand and Archbishop Jimc^nez de Rada; the Franciscan Monastery of San Juan de los Reyes, built in 1476 by Ferdinand and Isabella, to which is attached a church and cloister in ornate Ogival style, and which has recently been richly decorated; the church of the ancient ho.spital of Santa Cruz founded by Cardinal

Pedro de Inguanzo (1824-36) published some works Gonzdlez de Mendoza, dating from the early part of

in defence of the rights of the Church and of ecclesias- the sixteenth century, is one of the most beautiful

tical discipline, and commenced the great seminary examples of the Plateresque of the early Spanish

building. Renaissance. Of great interest also are a number of

Cardinal Juan Ignacio Moreno (1875-84), in his the churches of Toledo in which remains of the Visi-

youth professor in the Notariado, published a work gothic period are preserved, and others built in the

entitled "Tratado sobre el ortorgamiento de poderea Moorish style, called mudejar by the Spaniards, which