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SMITH

his boyhood at SkoUand, a small place belonging to his mother, who was a member of a branch of the Bruce family which had settled in Shetland in the sixteenth century. He studied law in Edinburgh, became a solicitor to the Supreme Court there, and married a CathoUc lady (a cousin of Bishop M'aedon- ell of the Glengarry clan), the result being his own conversion to CathoUcism. Xaturally hampered in hia career, at that period, by his profession of Catholi- cism, he turned his attention to literature, and became the pioneer of Catholic journalism in Scotland. In 1832 he originated and edited the " Edinburgh Catho- lic Magazine", which appeared somewhat inter- mittently in Scotland until April, 1838, at which date Mr. Smith went to reside in London, and the word "Edinburgh" was dropped from the title of the magazine, the publication of which was continued for some years in London. Mr. Smith, on settUng in London, inaugurated the "Catholic Directory" for England, in succession to the old "Laity's Directory", and edited it for many years; and he was also for a short time editor of the "Dublin Review", in 1837. Possessed of considerable gifts both as a speaker and as a writer, he was always ready to put them at the service of the Catholic cause; and during the years of agitation immediately preceding Catholic Emancipa- tion, as well as at a later period, he was one of the most active champions of the Church in England and Scotland. He made a brilliant defence in public of CathoUc doctrine when it was \-iolently attacked by certain prominent members of the Established Church of Scotland, and pubUshed in this connexion, in 1831, his "Dialogues on the CathoUc and Protestant Rules of Faith", between a member of the Protestant Ref- ormation Society and a Catholic layman. He also edited (1838) Challoner's abridgment of Gother's "Papist Misrepresented and Represented", with copious notes. Mr. Smith was father of the Most Rev. William Smith, second Archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh in the restored hierarchy of Scotland, and a distinguished Biblical scholar.

GiLLOW. Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath.,a.v.; Catholic Directory for Scot- land (1893), 264.

D. O. Hunter-Bl.\ir.

Smith, James A. See Saint Andrews and Edin- burgh, Archdiocese op.

Smith, Richard, Bishop of Chalcedon, second Vicar Apostolic of England; b. at Hanworth, Lincoln- shire, Nov., 1.5(VS (not 1566 as commonly stated); d. at Paris, 18 March, 16.5.5. He was educated at Trinity College, O.xford, where he became a Catholic. He was a(lmitted to the English College, Rome, in 1586, studied under Bellarmine. and was ordained priest 7 May, 1592. In Feb., 1.593, he arrived at Valladolid, where he took the degree of Doctor of Theologj', and taught philosophy at the English College till 1598, when he went to Seville as professor of controversies. In 1603 he went on the English mission, where he made hia mark as a missioner. Chosen to represent the case of the secular clerg}- in the archprirst <'ontroversy, he went to Rome, where he opixiscd Persons, who said of him: " I never dealt with any man in my life more heady and resolute in his opinions". In 1613 he became superior of the small body of English secular priests at .-^rras College, Paris, who devoted them- selves to controversial work. In 1625 he w;ls elected to succeed Dr. Bishop as vicar Apostolic, but the date usually assigned for his consecration as Bishop of Chalcedon (12 .Jan.. 1625) must be wrong, as he was not elected till 2 Jan. He arrived in England in April, of the same year, residing in Lord Montagu's house at Tur\'ey, Bedfordshire. -AiS \'icar Apostolic he came into conflict with the regulars, claiming the rights of an ordinarj', but L'rban VIII decided (16 Dec., 1627) that he was not an ordinary. In 1628 the Government issued a proclamation for his arrest.

and in 1631 he withdrew to Paris, where he lived with Richelieu till the cardinal's death in 1642; then he retired to the convent of the English Augustinian nuns, where he died.

He wrote: ".^ answer to T. Bel's late Challenge" (1605); "The PrudentiaU Ballance of Religion", (1609); "Vita Dominaj Magdalena; Montis-.\cuti " i. e., Viscountess Montagu (1009); "De auctore et essentia Protestantics ReUgionis" (1619), EngUsh translation, 1621; "Collatio doctrina; Catholicorum et Protestantium" (1622), tr. (1631); "Of the dis- tinction of fundamental and not fundamental points of faith" (1645); "Monita quffidam utilia pro Sacer- dotibus, Semtnaristis, Mission.ariis AngUa;" (1647); "A Treatise of the best kinde of Confessors" (1651); "Of the all-sufficient Eternal Proposer of Matters of Faith" (1653); "Florum Historiis EcclesiasticEe gentis Anglorum libri septem" (1654). Many unpublished documents relating to his troubled episcopate (an impartial history of which yet remains to be written) are preserved in the Westminster Diocesan Archives.

DoDD, Church History, III (Brusaela vere Wolverhampton. 1737-1742) the account from which most subsequent biographies were derived. See also Tierney'a edition of Dodd for further documents; Beringto.v, Memoirs of Panzani (London. 1793) : Calendar State Papers: Dam., 1635-1631; Butler. Historical Memoirs of English Catholics (London. 1819); Sergeant. Ac- count of the English Chapter (London. 1833); Fullerton, Life of Luisa de Canajal (London, 1873); Foley. Records Eng. Prov. S.J.. VI (London, 1880); Br.vdv. Episcopal Succession, III (Rome, 1877), a confused and self-contradictory account with some new facts; .\lger in Diet. Nat. Biog.; Gillow. Bihl. Diet. Eng. Cath.; Cedoz. Convent de Religieuses Anylaises d Paris (Paris. 1891); Third Douay Diary. C. R. S. Publications. X (Lon- don. 1911).

Edwin Burton

Smith, Richard, b. in Worcestershire, 1500; d. at Douai, 9 July, 1563. He was educated at Merton College, Oxford; and, having taken his M..\. degree in 1530, he became registrar of the university in 1532. In 1536 Henrj' VIII appointed him first Regius Pro- fessor of di\'inity, and he took his doctorate in that subject on 10 July in the same year. He subsequently became master of Whittington College, London; rector of St. Dunstan's-in-the-E;ist; rector of Cu.xham, O.xfordshire; principal of St. Alban's Hall; and divinity reader at ^Iagdalen College. Under Edward VI he is said by his opponents to have abjured the pope's authority at St. Paul's Cross (15 May, 1547) and at Oxford, but the accounts of the proceedings are ob- scure and unreliable. If he yielded at all, he soon recovered and accordingly suffered the loss of his professorship, being succeeded by Peter Martyr, with whom he held a public disputation in 1549. Shortly afterwards he was arrested, but w;is soon liberated. Going to Louvain, he became professor of divinity there. During Mary's Catholic restoration he re- gained most of his preferments, and was made royal chaplain and canon of Christ Church. He took a lirominent part in the proceedings ag;iinst Cranmer, Ridley, and L.atimer. He again lost all his benefices at the change of religion under Elizabeth, and after a short imprisonment in Parker's hiiusc he escaped to Douai, where he w;is appointed by Philip II dean of St. Peter's church. There is no foundation for the slanderous story spread by the Reformers to account for his deprivation of his Oxford profes.sorship. When Douai University w.as founded on 5 Oct .. 1.562, he was in.stalled as chancellor and profes.sor of thi ology, but only Uved a few months to fill these offices. Uy wrote many works, the chief of which are: ".\s.sertion and Defence of the Sacrament of the .\ltar" (1546); "Defence of the Sacrifice of the Mass" (1547); " Defensio coelibatus sacerdotum" (1,5.50); "Diatriba de hominis justificatione" (15,50); "Buckler of the Catholic Faith" (155.5-.56); "De Mi.ss;c Sacrificio" (1562); and several refutations of Calvin, MeLanch- thon. Jewell, and Beza, all published in 1,562.

Foster. .Uumni Omnienses. IV (Oxford. 1891): Pits. De iUuM- trihut Anglia Scriptoribus (Paris. 1619); DoDD, Church Uitloru,