Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 14.djvu/803

 TINCKER

735

TINCKER

liiliiii their chartered hmits, resulted in the removal il iliat tribe bodily into (South) Carolina. In 1715 Im >:iiiir nsllcss ])cople headed a war against the jiiilisli, rcsulliiit; in their own expulsion and return to

Iciiida. in lt>.sS, following the outbreak of the I :iiiiassee, by which the Tiniucua missions had also iilfriod, the chiefs of the latter tribe, as also the Vpilachee chiefs, forwarded to the King of Spain an il.liiss of loj'altj' and of commendation for their ■Jpaiii.^li governor. These documents, in the Indian iiil Spanish languages, are stiU in existence. The liinucua address is signed by the chiefs of five towns, ^uii Mateo, San Pedro, Asile, Machaua, and San (uan de Guacara. In 1699 the Quaker Dickenson, rom Philadelphia, shipwrecked on the south coast of Florida and rescued from the savages by the Spanish governor at St. Augustine, was sheltered for a time at he Timucua missions, and has left us a pleasant
 * )icture of then' prosperous and orderly condition, and

he friendly and religious character of their occui)ants, n striking contrast to that of the unchanged bar- jarians among whom he had been a prisoner.

If was near the end. The growing hostilitj' of the Carolina colony instigated the Creeks and other heathen tribes to constant inroads upon the Florida missions, furnishing them with arms and ammunition for the purpose, with the further inducement of a profitable sale for all captives to sujjply the Carohna slave market. Even as early as 1699 Carolina slaves were thus decimating the Indian tribes as far even as the Mississippi. While the wild tribes were thus armed and encouraged in their raids by the English, the Christian mission Indians, on the contrary, in ac- cordance with a fixed, but suicidal, rule of the Spanish colonial government, were refused the use of firearms, even in self-defence and on their most urgent appeal.

In May, 1702, war having again been declared be- tween the two home governments, the Creek allies of the English raided Santa Fe mission of the Timucua and burned the church. Later in the same year a combined English and Indian force from Carolina under Governor Moore, co-operating with a naval force, destroyed three flourishing Timucua missions along the coast — the same where Dickenson had been so hospitably cared for — burned the churches and car- ried off the missionaries, and then, going farther south, burned St. Augustine, with the church, convent, and library. The fortre-ss held out until reheved by a Spanish fleet. In 1704 Moore invaded the Apalachee country with some fifty Carolina men and a thousand savage Creek, Catawba, and Yamassee, all armed with guns, and completely destroyed ten of the eleven missions towns, with their churches and orange groves, carrying off or destroying the vestments and sacred vessels. Four priests, a Spanish officer, and four soldiers Were killed, and their bodies hacked to pieces, two of the missionaries being tortured and Ijurned at the stake. Several hundred Apalachee warriors were killed and 1400 of the tribe carried away a.s slaves. In 1700 a similar raid into the Timucua country completed the ruin of the missions. The remnant of the Apalachee fled for protection to the French at Mobile. The scattered Timucua were gathered together and formed into small settlements under the walls of St. Augustine. With the English colonization of Georgia and the ensuing war of 1740 all attempt at rehabilitating the Florida missions was abandoned. In 17.53 only 136 Indians remained in the vicinity of St. Augustine. On the English occu- pation in 1763 they were expelled from their two vil- lages and again became refugees. Somewhat later these, or a kindred remnant, were colonized at a new settlement called Pueblo de Atimueas, on Tomoco River, near Mosquito lagoon, in the present Volusia county. A few seem to have resided there a.s late as the transfer of the territorv' to the United States in 1S21 and it is possible that their descendants may

still be foimd among the Seminole of Florida or Oklahoma.

Language. — With the exception of the Timucua- Spanish document of 1688, already referred to, of which a copy was printed by Buckingham Smith in 1859, and another, with Englisli translation, by Gatschet in 1880 (Am. Philos. Soc. Proc, XVIII), our knowledge of the Timucua language and dialects, as of the tribal customs and beliefs, rests almost en- tirely upon the works of Father Pareja and of Father Gregorio de Monilla, missionary in the same order and tribe, with the analysis deduced thereupon by Gatschet. A few words, mostly personal or place names, also occur in the early French and Spanish historians. Father Pareja's works include: "Cathe- cismo en lengua Castellana y Timuquana" (Mexico, 1612); "Catechismo y breve exposicion de la doctrina Cristiana ... en Lengua Castellana y Timu- quana" (Mexico, 1612); "Confessionario en Lengua Timuquana" (Mexico, 1612); "Confessionario en lengua Castellana y Timuquana" (Mexico, 1613); "Gramatica [or Arte?] de la Lengua Timuquana" (Mexico, 1614); "Catecismo de la Doctrina cristiana en dicha [TimuquanaJ Lengua" (Mexico, 1017); " Catechismo y Examen . . . en Lengua Castellana y Timuquana" (Mexico, 1627). The works of Father Monilla include an "Explicacion de la Doctrina . . . en Lengua Floridiana" (Madrid, 1031?, and Mexico, 103.5-36); and a "Forma Breve de administrar los Sacramentos ... en lengua Floridiana" (Mexico, 1635). Of these works the Pareja "Catechismo" (1612), "Catechismo y breve exposicion" (1612), and "Confessionario" (1613), and the Monilla "Expli- cacion" (1035-36), and "Forma breve" (1035) form the subject of an extended study of "The Timucua Language" by Dr. Albert S. Gatschet, in the "Pro- ceedings of the American Philosophical Society", vols. XVI-XVIII, Philadelphia, 1877-1880.

Barcia, Ensayo (Madrid, 1723); Brinton, Floridian Peninsula (Philadelphia, 1859) ; LAUDONNifcRE, Histoire notable de la Floride (Paris, 1586 and 1853). tr. in French, Hist. Colls, of Fla. (New York. 1869); Le Moyne, Narrative (Boston, 1875), an artist with Laudonni^re's expedition, pictures with test (from De By, Lat. ed., Frankfort, 1591); Moore, various important papers on archEeoIog>' of the Gulf States, in Jour. Academy of Natural Scienres (Philadelphia, 1894 to 1910); Parkman, Pioneers o/ France (Boston, 1865 ); Pilung, Proofsheets of a Bibliogra- phy of the Languaaes of the N. Am. Jnds. (Bur. Am. Ethnology, Washington, 1885); Shea. Hist. Catholic Ind. Missions of the United States (New York, 1855); Idem. The Catholic Church in Colonial Days (1521-1763, vol. I of History of the Catholic Church in the United Stales (New York, 1886).

James Mooney.

Tincker, Mary Agnes, novehst, b. at Ellsworth, Maine, 18 July, 1833; d. at Boston, Massachusetts, 4 Dec, 1907. At the age of thirteen she began teach- ing in the public schools. At fifteen her first literary work was printed. At twenty she became a Catholic, and even her Protestant relatives shared in her sufTer- ings from Knownothing bigotrj'. In 1863 she be- came a volunteer war nurse, serving in Washington until she grew ill. Boston then became her home. Short stories from her pen appeared in the early num- bers of "The Catholic World", where also her first novel "The House of Yorke" was issued as a serial (1871-72). It was followed bv "Gr.apes and Thorns" (1873-74) and "Six Sunny Months" (1876-77). The latter was the first fruit of her sojourn in Italy (1873- 87). These three novels sounded a (list inctly new note in Catholic literature, and the highest that has been struck by an American Catholic novelist. "Signor Monaldini's Niece" (1879), in "No Name" series; "Bv the Tiber" (1881); "The Jewel in the I^)tus" (1884); "Aurora" (1885); "The Two Coronets" (1887); "San Salvador" (1889); were issued by the most prominent literarj' publishers and won her great fame as works of real art. They reflected for the most part the beauty of Italy. .\ lapse from the practice of her religion cust its shatlow p<'rhaps over a few of her novels WTitten during that time. She returned