Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 14.djvu/792

 TIGRIS

724

TILLY

was thought inopportune and gave offence. Mean- while his position as an antiquarian had received public recognition, for in 1S33 he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and in 1841 a Fellow of the Royal Society. He also acted as secretary to the Sussex Archaeological Society. After the restoration of the hierarchy he became the first canon peniten- tiary of the Diocese of Southwark, having long been a member of the old chapter. Shortly afterwards, his relations with Cardinal Wiseman, whose policy he dishked and mistrusted, became very strained. Arising out of Tierncy's biographical sketch of Lin- gard, a controversy began between them on the well- known question whether Lingard had been created a cardinal in petto, by Leo XII, and Cardinal Wiseman addressed to his chapter a letter complaining of Tierney's criticism of his "Recollections of the last Four Popes". In answer to this Tierney wrote the "Reply to Cardinal Wiseman's Letter to his Chapter" (1858), which was not published. He also wrote "The History and Antiquities of the Castle of Arundel" (London, 1834) and several controversial pamphlets. For a time he acted as editor of the "Dublin Review", succeeding Quin the first editor.

LowLR, Wmlhits of Sussex (Lewes, ISfiS), 341; B. W.ird, Hist, of St. Edmund's Cnllege (London. 1S93) ; Idem. The Eve of Catholic Emancipation, III (London, 1912), appendix; W. Ward, Li.fe of Cardinal Wiseman (London, 1897); Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath.. s. v.

Edwin Burton.

Tigris, Saint, Irish saint, sister of St. Patrick. Much obscurity attaches to her hfe, and she has been frequently confounded with St. Darerca, another of the five sisters, who are treated of at length by Colgan. St. Tigris was the mother of five sons, all of whom became bishops: Sts. Lomain of Trim; Munis of Forgney; Broccaid of Emlagh; Broccen of Breaghwy; and Mugenoc of All Duimi Gluin. Jocelyn credits the saint with seventeen sons and five daughters, but Tirechan and the "Tripartite Life "are preferable authorities. Her husband's name was GoUit. The time and place of her death are uncertain.

Stokes, Tripartite Life of St. Patrick (London, 1887); Healt, Life and Writings of St. Patrick (Dublin. 1905).

W. H. Grattan-Flood.

Tillemont, Loui.s-Seb.^stien Le Nain de, French lu'-toiiin and priest, b. at Paris, 30 November, Uii7 t\ therr, 10 .Tanu.-ii-y, ItiOS; he was educated at tlie pctites ecoles of I'ort-Royal, where Nicole instructed him in logic. His natural inclination was towards his- tory. In reading Haronius he con- ceived the idea of going back to the sources from which that historian had drawn. At the age of eighteen, there- fore, he began to make notes and cx- ir:icts — a work he r.iutinued through- out his life. He ^)ii'nt several years
 * ii Beau vais, partly

in the seminary Canon Hermant,
 * ind partly with

Ijj Lc 1\

who was an authority on the early ages of Christianity. He received Holy ordere somewhat late in life, becoming a subdeacon in 11)72 and a priest four years later, when he was 39. At that time he resided in Port-Royal, but a little later, in 1679, when its community was tiispersed, he withdrew to his

small estate at Tillemont, between Montreuil and Vincennes, where he remained till his death twenty years later in 1698, devoting his time to exercises of piety and to historical work. He supplied several of his learned friends with much material for their wTit- ings. Thus he spent two years collecting notes on St. Louis for Lemaistre de Lacy, who did not live, how- ever, to make use of them. They were published by the Societe de I'histoire de France in 1847 (6 vols.). Tillemont wrote in addition: "Histoire des empereurs et autres princes qui ont regne pendant les six pre- miers siecles de I'Eglise" (6 volumes in 4°), and "Me- moires pour servir a I'histoire ecclesiastique des six premiers siecles" (16 volumes in 4°). Only the first four volumes of each of these works appeared in the life- time of the author. Tillemont's style is dry, but he is an accurate and learned historian.

Tronchay. La vie et Vesprit de M. Le Nain de Tillemont (Nancy. 1706) ; Sainte-Bec^-e, Port Royal, IV.

Georges Bertrin.

Tilly, Johannes TsERCLiEs, Count of, b. at Brabant in 1559; d. at Ingolstadt in April, 1632. He was a member of a noble family of Brabant named Tsercla>s. His mother was a de- voted Catholic; his father took part at first in the revolt of the Netherlands against Spain, but by 1574 became a loyal adherent of Philip II. The son was educated by the Jesuits at Co- logne. Like aO the great men who fought for the Church and the empire during the era of the Refor- mation and the Counter- Reforma- tion, Tilly has long been calumniated by Protestant and rationalist histo- rians. In reality he was a man of genuine piety, remarkable self-control, moderation, and disin- terestedness, a "monk in the garb of a general". He was honest, even to the enemy, a father to his soldiers, and humane to the common people, whom he protected as far as he could against acts of violence. As a general he was celebrated for his caution, his able grasp of situations, for the excel- lent preparatory training he gave his troops, and his never-failing readiness to meet the enemy and force him to give battle. He learned the art of war under the celebrated general, Alexander Farnese; at a later date Tilly surpassed his teacher. Up to 1594 he took part in the wars, some political and some religious, which laid waste the country from the mouth of the Rhine to the Seine: the W.ar of Cologne, the revolt in the Netherlands, the War of the Holy League. In 1594 Henry IV would have been glad to have Tillv as one of his generals. During the years 1600-08, Tilly served Emperor Rudolph II and fought in Hungary against the Turks; in 1604 he rescued Gran; in 1605 he was commander-in-chief of the imperial forces; but the quarrels in the House of Austria and Rudolph's mental decay made success impossible. During the period 161f)-30 Tilly com- manded the army of Maximilian of Bavaria. Maxi- milian was a man very similar to Tilly; they seemed made to work together. Tilly was to command the army of the newly-founded League of the Catholic States of the empire.

Tilly, fro.m