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 TICELIA

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TIC UNA

Ticelia, titular sro, suffragan of Cyrene, in the Libya Pentapolis. Under this name it is not found in any "Notitia episcopatuum", nor in any geogra- phy sacred or profane. Nevertheless, at the Robber Synod of Ephesus (449), we tind a Theodulus, Bishop of Ticelia in Libya (Mansi, "Conciliorum Collectio", VI, 610) ; the name of the city is much corrupted in the Greek text. It is doubtful if Ticelia is the correct name of this city or see. In a " Notitia episcopatuum ", pub- lished by Gelzer (Byzantinische Zeitschrift, II, 26), we hnd the see of Sicelia, evidently the same as ours. Which is the correct name? At the Council of Ephe- sus (431), among the subscribers is Sosipater, Bishop of Septimiace, a city otherwise unknown, which seems likew-ise to have been situated in Libya (Mansi, op. cit., IV, ir2N!, 1221). Just now it is impossible to say if these various names relate to the same city, or what is the correct name of this diocese.

S. Vailhe.

Tichborne, Nicholas, Venerable, martyr, b. at Hartley Mauditt, Hampshire; suffered at Tyburn, London, 24 Aug., 1601. He was a recusant at large in 1.592, but by 14 March, 1.597, had been imprisoned. On that date he gave evidence against various mem- bers of his family. Before 3 Nov., 1598, he had ob- tained his liberty and had effected the release of his brother. Venerable Tliomas Tichborne, a prisoner in the Gatehouse, Westminster, by assaulting his keeper. He is to be distinguished from the Nicholas Tichborne who died in Winchester Gaol in 1587.

With him suffered Venerable Thomas Hackshot (b. at Murslej-, Buckinghamshire), who was con- demned on the same charge, viz. that of effecting the escape of the priest Thomas Tichborne. During his long imprisonment in the Gatehouse he was "afflicted with diver.s torments, which he endured with great courage and fortitude".

CH.vLtx>NER, Missionary Priests, I, no. 127; Pollen, English Martyrs 158.^-1603 (London, privately printed for the Catholic Record .Soc, 1908). 361. 395: Historical MSS. Commission, Cecil MSS., IV (London, 1S92), 270.

John B. Wainewright.

Tichborne, Thomas, Venerable, b. at Hartley, Hampshire, 1567; martyred at Tyburn, London, 20 April, 1602. He was educated at" Rheims (1.584-87) and Rome, where he was ordained on Ascension Day, 17 Ma}% 1592. Returning to England on 10 March, 1594, he laboured in his native county, where he escaped apprehension till the early part of 1597. He was sent a prisoner to the Gatehouse in London, hut in the autumn of 1.598 was helped to escape by his brother, Ven. Nicholas Tichborne, and Ven. Thomas Hackshot, who were both martyred shortly !if t rrwards. Betrayed by Atkinson, an apostate priest, he was re-arre.sted and on 17 April, 1602, was brought to trial with Ven. Robert Watkinson (a young Yorkshire man who had been educated at Rome and ordained priest at Douai a month before) and Ven. James Duckett, a London bookseller. On 20 .\pril he was executed with Ven. Robert Watkin- son and Ven. Francis Page, S. J. The last named was a convert, of a Middlesex f.amily though bom in Antwerp. He had been ordained at Douai in 1600 and received into the Society <>! Jesus while a prisoner in Newgate. Ven. Thomas Tichborne was in the last stages of consumption when he was martyred.

CHALIJ5NER. Memoirs o/ Missionary Priests (London, 1741-2); Foley. Records Eng- Prov. S. J., I (London, 1877); Pollen. Act» of the English Martyrs (London, 1901); Idem, Unpublished docu- ments relating to the English Martyrs in Cath. Rec. Soc. . V (Ivondon. 1908); Dasent, Acta of the Priry Council, 1695-7 (London, 1902); Downy Diaries, Ist and 2nd (London, 1878). 3rd (London. 1911).

Edwin Burton.

Ticonius (also TycoNius, Ttchonius, etc.), an African Don.atist writer of the fourth century who appears to have had some influence on St. Augustine. He defended a milder form of Donatism than Par- menianus. He admitted a church outside his own XIV.— 46

sect and rejected the re-baptism of Catholics. Par- menianus wrote a letter against him, quoted by St. Augustine (Contra ep. Parmeniani, I, i; P. L., XVIII, 33). Otherwise almost all we know of him is con- tained in Gennadius (De vir illustr., XVIII): "Ticho- nius an African was learned in theology, sufficiently instructed in history, not ignor:int of seen Im r knowledge. He wrote books, 'Debellohitestino' and ' Expositicines diversarum causarum ' [these are both Donatist apolo- gies]: in which, to defend his side, he quotes ancient synods; from which he is seen to have been of the Donatist party. He composed eight [should be seven) rules for discovering the ine;ining of the Scriptures, which he arranged in one book. He also exi)lained the whole Apooalypse of John, understanding all of it in a spiritual sense, notliiiig carnally. In this exposition he said that the body [of mani is the dwelling-place of an angel. He denied the idea of a kingdom of the righteous on earth la-sting a thousand years after the resurrection. Nor did he admit two future resur- rections of the dead in the flesh, one of the good and one of the bad, but only one of all, in which the mis- begotten and deformed will rise too, so th;it no part of the human race ever animated by a soul shall perish. He showed the distinction of the resurrection really to be that we must believe that there is a revelation of the righteous now in this world, when those justi- fied by faith rise by baptism from the death of sin to the reward of the eternal life, and the second [resur- rection] to be the general one of all flesh. He flour- ished at the same time as Rufinus; in the reign of Theodosius and his son" (ed. Bernoulli, Freiburg and Leipzig, 1895, pp. 68-69). This gives us 379-423 as extreme dates. Ticonius's best known work is the "Seven rules of interpretation" (for the Bible). They are quoted and explained by St. Augustine in "De doctrina Christiana" (III, 30-37; P. L., XXXIV, 81-90) and his authority gave them great importance for many centuries in the West. St. Bede too quotes them (Explanatio apo- calypsis; P. L., XCIII, 130-132). Ticonius's "Com- mentary on the ApocalJ^5se" (Bede, op. cit., 132-134) is now lost. It was extant in the library of St. Gallen in the ninth century (No. 242j cf. G. Becker, "Cata- logi biblioth. antiqui.", Bonn, 1885, p. 48) and is used by Primasius of Hadrumetum (P. L., LX\'III, 793-936), Ambrose Autpert (Bibl. Max., XIII, 403- 657), and others. The "Commentary" ascribed to St. Augustine (P. L., XXXV, 2415-52) is believed to be a modified version of Ticonius. St. Augustine re- proaches Ticonius with an anticipation of Pelagian ideas (De doctr. Christ., Ill, 33).

BuRKiTT, The Bonk of Rules of Ticonius (Cambridge, 1894); P. L., XVIII, 15-66; Schanz, Gesch. der rom. Litt.. IV (Munich, 1904), 350-53; Hausleiter, Die Kommentare des Viclorinus. Ticonius u, Ifieronymus zur Apokalypse in Ztschr. fur kirchl. Wissenschaft u. Leben (1886), 239-57; Hahn, Tyconius-Studien (Leipzig, 1900) ; Tillemont, .Wf moire's pour serrir, etc., VI, 145- 50; FEsaLER-JuNOMANN, Instit-iUioncs Patrologim, II (Innsbruck, 1892). A, 355.

Adrian Fortescde.

Ticuna Indians, a tribe of Indians of some impor- tance, con.stituting a distinct linguistic stock, inhabit- ing the river settlements or wandering in the forests along the north bank of the upper Amazon (^Maranon or Solimoes), about the confluence of the Javari, ranging from about Loreto in Peru to below Taba- tinga in Brazil. They number about 2.500 .souls, nearly equally divided between the two governments. About one-third are more or less Christianized, the others retaining their primitive wild habits. Physi- cally they are one of the finest tribes of the upper Amazon. In character they are frank, honest, and of affectionate disposition. The wandering Ticuna, some of whom at times reside temporarily in the river villages, go naked excei)t for the G-string and a collar of jaguar or monkey teeth, to which is added a painted robe on ceremonial occasions. They wear