Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 14.djvu/769

 THOMPSON

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THOMPSON

(1714); Carrieres * (1717); Natalis Alexander (1724); Echard (1724); Tourney*, doctor of the Sorbonne (1729); Livarius de Meyer * (1730); Benedict XIII * (1730); Graveson (1733); Th. du Jardin (1733); Myacintha Serry (1738); Duplessis d'Argentr^ * (mO); Gotti (1742); Drouin * (1742); Antoine * (1743); Lallemant* (1748); Milante * (1749); Preingue (1752); Concina (1759); Billuart (1757); Benedict XIV * (1758); Cuiliati (1759); Orsi (1761); Charlevoix * (1761); Reuter * (1762); Baumgartner * (1764); Berti * (1766); Patuzzi (1769); De Rubeis (1775); Touron (1775); Thomas de Burgo (1776); Gener * (1781); RoseUi (1783); St. Alphonsus Liguori (1787); Mamachi (1792); Richard (1794).

Nineteenth Century. — In this century there are few names to be recorded outside of those who were connected with the Thomistic revival either as the forerunners, the promoters, or the writers of the Neo- Scholastic period.

See also Free Will; Grace; Philosophy; Pre- destination; Neo-Scholasticism; Scotism and ScoTisTs; Theology.

For rise and progress of Thomism see works referred to in the firfit part of this article.

For Thomists, a complete list of theological writers of all schools is found in Hurter. Nomenclator literaTius, in Tabula; chronologicce at end of each volume. For writers of the Domini- can Order, down to the first quarter of the eighteenth century, see Qr^TlF-EcHABD, Scripl. ord. proed. (2. vols., Paris, 1719-21). Many writers of this school are mentioned in the article Preach- ers. "Order of, Academic Organization, Doctrinal activity; also in Garcia, Tomismo y Neo~Tomismo (San Luis Potoai, 190.5).

For Thomistic Philosophers: HArR^AU, Hist, de la phil. sco- laslique (Paris, 1872-80); De Wolf, Hist, de la phil. mfdUvale (Louvain, 1900; 4th ed., 1912); Jourdain, La phil. de S. Th. d'Aquin (2 vols., Paris, 1858) ; Gonzalez, Hist, de la phil. (4 vols., Paris, 1890-91); Ueberweg-Heinze, Gesch. der phil. (Berlin, 1902); Turner, Hist, of Phil. (Boston, 1903).

Neo-Thomism. — Lists of publications pertaining to this period are found in Ueberweg-Heinze, II, 297 sqq.: IV, 209 sqq., 561 eqq.; Sertilunges, S. Thomas d'Aquin (2 vols., Paris, 1910), bibliography at end of 11; Perrirr, Revival of Schol. Philosophy (New York, 1H09) (the bibliography, pp. 249 to 337, \s excellent and the most available for English readers).

Publications on Thomism in genera! and on the doctrines of the Thomistic school have been multiplied so rapidly since 1879 that volumes would be required for a complete list. The principal works reviving disputes concerning special doctrines of the Thomistic school are: Schneeman, ContToversiarum de divinw gratia libcrique arbitrii Concordia initia et progressus (Freiburg, 1881); DuMMERMUTH, Thomos et doclrina prarmolionis physiccE (Louvain, 1886); Fhins, Thomas .li/um.ids Jndrina de coopera- tione Dei cum omni crealura prcesirt,,,, 1,1; n, (Paris, 1893); DuM- MERMCTH, Defensio doctrina; S. Thi'iha Ai. (Louvain, Paris, 1895); Du Pont, La pTldeterminnluin ;Ji.i/.m,j;/. rl la doctrine de S. Thomas in Rer. Cath. (Louvain, 18S2-S3K De Regnon, Bannez et Molina (Paris, 18S3); Lessertur, S. Thomas et le thomisme; S. Th. et la prfdeslinalion (Paris, 1888); Gayraud; Le thomisme el le molinisme (Paris, 1R89-92); Idem, St. Thomas et le predeter- minisme (Paris. 1895); Guillermin, St. Thomas et le prideter- minisme (Paris, 1895); Del Prado, De gratia et libera arbitrio (3 vols., Fribourg, 1907) ; De veriiate fundamentali philosophic Christiana: (Fribourg, 1889), 1911, the latter ed. treating the dis- tinction between essence and existence.

See also Thomas Aquinas, Saint, for list of reviews devoted to Thomism. For comparison of St. Thomas and Scotus, see Vacant, Etudes comparies sur la philosophic de S. Thomas d'Aquin et sur celle de Duns Scot (Paris and Lyons, 1891); Etudes franciscaines (Jan., 1912); Revue nio-scolastique, Aug., 1911, 430; Feb., 1912. 136. D. J. KENNEDY.

Thompson, the name of two Enghsh converts: (1) Edward Hcaly and (2) Harriet Diana.

Edward Healy, b. at Oakham, Rutlandshire, England; d. at Chehenham, Gloucestershire, on 21 May, 1S91. He was educated at Oakham school and Emmanuel College, Cambridge; and having taken Anglican orders, obtained a curacy at Calne, Wilt- shire. After some years of the Anglican min- istry at Marylebone, Ramsgate, and elsewhere, he became a Catholic in 1846 and published ,as his de- fence: "Remarks on certain Anglican Theories of Unity" (1846); "The Unity of the Episcopate con- sidered" (1847); and "A few earnest thoiiglits on the Duty of Communion with the Catholic Chunli" (1847). In 1851 jointly with .lames Spencer NOrth- cote (q. V.) he undertook the editorship of the v.aluable series of controversial pamphlets known as "The Clif- ton Tracts". The rest of his life, the latter years of

which were spent at Cheltenham, he devoted to re- ligious literature. His chief works were: Uvea of M. Olier (1861), Marie Harpain (1869), St. Stanislaus Kostka (1869), Baron de Rentz (1873), and Henri- Marie Boudon (1881); "Devotion to the Nine Choirs of Holy Angels" (1869); "The Life and Glories of St. Joseph" (1888); and "Before and After Gunpowder Plot" (1890). Most of this useful work consisted in the skilful adaptations of foreign books which he thought were of value to English-speaking Catholics. Harriet Diana, wife of Edward Healy Thomp- son, and daughter of Nicholson Calvert of Humsden, b. at Humsden, Hertfordshire, 1811; d. at Chelten- ham, Gloucestershire, 21 Aug., 1896. On her hus- band's conversion she al.so joined the Catholic Church, and like him devoted herself to literary work. Her chief work is the "Life of Charles Borromeo", but her stories of Catholic life won considerable popularity. These include: "Mary, Star of the Sea" (1848); "The Witch of Malton Hill"; "Mount St. Lawrence" (1850); "Winefride Jones" (1854); "Margaret Dan- vers" (1857); "The Wyndham Family" (1876); and others, as well as articles in "The Dublin Review".

GlLLOw, Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath., a. v.; CJorman, Converts to Rome (London, 1910); Gondon, Motifs de conversion de dii ministres anglicanes. EdwIN BurTON.

Thompson, Francis, poet, b. at Preston, Lanca- shire, 18 Dec, 1859; d. in London, 13 Nov., 1907. He came from the middle classes, the classes great in im- aginative poetry. His father was :i provincial doctor; two paternal uncles dabbled in lit(r:i,turi'; he himself referred his heredity chiefly 1o his mother, who died in his boyhood. His parents being Catholics, he was educated at Ushaw, the college tluit h.ad in former years Lingard, Waterton, and Wiseman as pupils. There he was noticeable for love of liter:iture and neg- lect of games, though as spectator lie ahv;i>-s cared for cricket, and in later years remembered the jilaycrs of his day with something like personal love. After seven years he went to Owens College to study medi- cine. He hated this proposed profession more than he would confess to his father; he evaded rather than re- belled, and finally disappeared. No blame, or attri- bution of hardships or neglect should attach to his father's memory; every careful father knows his ow^n anxieties. Francis Thompson went to London, and there endured three years of destitution that left him in a state of incipient disease. He was employed as bookselUng agent, and at a shoemaker's, but very briefly, and became a wanderer in London streets, earning a few pence by selling matches and calling cabs, often famished, often cold, receiving occasional alms; on one great day finding a sovereign on the foot- way, he was requested to come no more to a public library because he was too ragged. He was neverthe- less able to compose a little — ' ' Dream-Tryst ' ', written in memory of a child, and "Paganism Old and New", with a few other pieces of verse and prose.

Having seen some numbers of a new Cat holic maga- zine, "Merry England", he sent these ikk^ius to the editor, Mr. Wilfrid Meynell, in 18S8, giving his ad- dress at a post-office. The manuserii)ts were pigeon- holed for a short time, but when I\Ir. Meynell read them he lost no time in writing to the sender a wel- coming letter which was ret urned from the post-office. The only way then to reaeli him was to iiublish the essay and the poem, so that the author might see them and disclo.se himself. He did see them, and wrote to the editor giving his address at a chemist's shop. Thither Mr. Meynell went, ami was told that the poet owed a certain simi for opium, and was to be found hard by, selling matches. Having settled matters be- tween the druggist and his client, Mr. Meynell wrote a pressing invitation to Thompson to call upon him. That day was the last of the poet's destitution. He was never again friendless or without footl, clothing, shelter, or fire. The first step was to restore him to