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house at St. Francis, Wisconsin. Founded in 1849 by sisters from Bavaria. Its rules and constitutions were compiled by Rev. M. Heiss in 1852, and approved by Rt. Rev. J. M. Henni, Bishop of Milwaukee. In June, 1873, this congregation was affiliated to the Order of Minor Conventuals, and Pius X on 6 Dec, 1911, gave it its definite approbation. Sisters, 303; novices, 22; postulants, 30; academy, 1; orphanage, 1; institute for deaf mutes, 1; for feeble minded, 1; schools, 36; pupils, 4500. (9) School Sisters of St. Francis: — Congregation with mother-house, Green- field and Twenty-Second Avenues, Milwaukee, Wis- consin. The sisters conduct schools in Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Michigan, and Oregon. There are two branch-houses of this congregation in Europe, one in Luxemburg, the other at Erlenbad, Baden. Sis- ters, 814.

(10) Franciscan Sisters of the Perpetual Adora- tion: — Congregation with mother-house at St. Rose Convent, La Cros,se, Wisconsin. Founded by six sisters from Bax'aria, and rules compiled in 1853 by Most Rev. M. Heiss, Archbishop of Milwaukee. The Perpetual Adoration was introduced in 1878. Sisters, 420; novices, 42; postulants, 40; schools, 63; pupils, 8448; orphan asylums, 2; Indian school, 1; domestic science schools, 2. (11) Franciscan Sisters of Christian Charity: — Congregation with mother- house at Holy Family Convent, Alverno, Wisconsin. Founded in 1869 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, by Rev. Joseph Fessler, it was affiliated to the Order of Friars Minor Conventual 19 March, 1900. Sisters, 303; novices, 40; postulants, 10; ho.spitals, 2; home for aged, 1; schools, 53; pupils, 8500. (12) Francis- can Sisters of the Sacred Heart: — Congregation with mother-house at .St. Joseph's Hospital, Joliet, Illi- nois. Founded in 1867 at Avila, Indiana, by sisters from Germany. Sisters, 325; novices, 40; postu- lants, 12; hospitals, 10; home for aged, 1; orphan asylum, 1; schools, 9. (13) Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis of Perpetual Adoration: — Con- gregation with mother-house at St. Francis's Con- vent, Nevada, Missouri. Established in 1893 by Sister M. John Hau and sisters from the mother- house at Grimmenstein, Switzerland. Sisters, 25; oqihan a-sylum, 1. (14) Hospital Sisters of St. Francis: — Congregation with provincial house at St. John's Hospital, Springfield, Illinois. Founded in 1875 by si.sters from the general mother-house, Munster, Germany. Sisters, 299; novices, 29; postulants, 11; hospitals, 12. (15) The Poor Sisters of St. Francis Seraph of the Perpetual Adoration: — Congregation with provincial house at St. IVancis Convent, Lafayette, Indiana. Introduced into this country in 1875 by sisters from the general mother- house at Olpe, Germany. Sisters, 613; novices, 35; postulants, 21; academies, 3; orphan asylum, 1; home for aged, 1; schools, .36; hospitals, 18; high schools, 2. (1(3) Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis. See Poor of St. Francis, Sisters of the.

(17) Franciscan Sisters of St. Kunegunda (Polish) : — (a) Congregation with mother-house at Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1896. Sisters, 107; novices, 22; po.stulants, IS; orphan asylum, 1; home for aged and crippled, 1; day-nur.ser\', 1; schools, 11; pupils. 2070. (b) Congregation with mother-house at Chicago Heights, Illinois. Foundation of F^nglish-speaking Franciscan .Sisters. Sisters, 17. (18) Sisters of St. Francis of the Immaculate Conception: — Congrega- tion with mother-house at Peoria, Illinois. Founded in 1890. .Sisters, 47; novices, 20; postulants, 17; schools, 6; homes, 2; asylum, 1. (19) Mis,sionary Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception: — Congregation with mother-house, Rome, It.aly. The sisters conduct establishments in the Archdioceses of New York and Boston, the Dioce.se of Newark, Pitts- burgh, and .Savannah. (20) Franciscan Sisters of the

Immaculate Conception: — (a) Congregation with mother-house at Little Falls, Minnesota. Sisters, 60; postulants, 3; orphan asylum. 1; hospitals, 3. (b) Congregation with mother-house at St. Anthony's Hospital, Rock Island, Illinois. Sisters, 18;novices,6. (21) Polish Franciscan School Sisters: — Congrega- tion with mother-hou.se, 3419 Gasconde Street, St. Louis, Missouri. Founded 29 May, 1901, by Most " Rev. John J. Kain, Archbishop of St. Louis. "Sisters 63; schools, 9; pupils, 700. (22) Fclician SLsters, O.S.F.: — Congregation with general mother-house, Cracow, Austria. Founded in 1855 by Sophia Trusz- kowska at Warsaw, Russia. Introduced into the United States in 1874. (a) Western Province of the Presentation B. V. M. Mother-house, Detroit, Michi- gan. Sisters, 273; novices, 30; postulants, 55; candi- dates in preparatory course, 65; schools, 33; pupils, 12..500; orphan asylum, 1. (b) Eastern Province. Mother-house at Buffalo, New York, established 20 Aug., 1900. Choir Sisters, 278; novices, 32; postu- lant.s, 93; lay sister.s, 66; novices, 6; postulants, 21; candidates in preparatory course, 73; schools, 55; pupils, 21, ,5.56; orphan a.sylums, 2; home for aged, 1; emigrant home, 1 ; working-girls' home, 1 ; day nur- sery, 1. (c) North-western Province of the Presenta- tion B. V. M. Mother-hou.se, St. Joseph'sOrphanage, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, established 1910. Sisters, 170; novices, 17; postulants, 27; schools, 24; pupils, 6482; orphan asylums, 3. (23) Sisters of the Third Order of .St. Francis of the Congregation of Our Lady of Lourdes. Mother-house, Rochester, Minnesota. Established 1877 by .sisters of St. Francis, Joliet, Illinois. Sisters, 3.'?6; novices, 9; postulants, 16; academics. 5; normal .school, 1; schools, 20; pupils, 5767; hospital, 1; nurses' training school, 1.

Heimbtjcher. Die Orden und Kongregationen der katholischen Kirche (2nd ed., Paderborn. 1907) ;' The Catholic Church in the United States, I, II (New York. 1909) ; Official Catholic Directory (New York).

Ferdinand Heckmann.

X. Province of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. — Prior to 1906 several commimities of the Third Order existed in the Ignited States, all lay institutes dedi- cated to teaching and other works of charity. Amongst these were three branches of Franciscan Brothers: at Brooklyn, New York; at Loretto, Penn- sylvania; and at Spalding, Nebraska. The communi- ties at Loretto and Brooklyn were founded more than half a century ago from Mount Bellcw Monastery, Archdiocese of Tuam, Ireland; Spalding Institute was a branch of the Brooklyn community. In 1905 Brother Linus Lynch, then superior of the institute, asked the ordinary of the diocese for permission to have some of his subjects ordained priests. This request the bishop refused, a-s the community had been introduced into the diocese for the care of parish schools, and he feared that in the event of its mem- bers becoming priests this work would sufTer. A pe- tition was then sent to the minister-general, Rt. Rev. Angelus de Miittia, asking for imion with the third Order Regular; as this union could not he effected, some of the community determined to ask for a dis- pensation from their vows in order to enter the insti- tute. In 1907 fifteen were dispensed; these, together with eleven novices, went to Spalding, Nebra-ska, where a sm.all community of brothers had been united to the order in 1906. 'They were received by Very Rev. Dr. .Stanislaus Dujmoric, commissary-general, and by dispensation of Pius X from the ordinary year of probation they made the vows of the order. A college wiis then opened at Spalding, giving the order its first house in the I'nitcd .'States.

In 190S the diocesan community of Franciscan Brothers at Loretto. Peiuisylvania, were admitted to the solemn profession, and eight yoimg men were received into the novitiate.

In 1910-11 Rt. Rev. Eugene A. Garvey, D.D.,