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isolated tertiaries give a total of nearly 60,000. These tertiaries are mostly French Canadians. There are very few fraternities for EngUsh-speaking ter- tiaries; of these there are two verj' flourishing ones at Montreal. It is in the Province of Quebec that the Third Order is most flourishing. Three monthly reviews, treating specially of the Third Order, are pubUshed in Canada; (1) "La Revue du Tiers Or- dre", founded in 18S4 by the tertiaries of Montreal, and directed since 1891 by the Friars Minor of that city; (2) "The Franciscan Review and St. Anthony's Record", founded in 1905 by the Friars Minor of Montreal; (3) "L'Echo de St. Frangois", published since 19li by the Capuchins of Ottawa. The princi- pal social works of the Third Order in Canada are: three houses of the Third Order in Montreal and one in Quebec, directed by lady tertiaries; a lodging- house and an industrial school at Montreal, directed also by lady tertiaries; several work-rooms for the benefit of the poor; and public libraries, one in Quebec and two in Montreal.

The Third Order Regular is represented in Canada by three flourishing institutions: A. Little Francis- can Sisters of Mary, founded at Worcester, M;i,ssa- chusetts, in 1889 and transferred to Baic-St-Paul, Canada, in 1891; their constitutionswereapproved in 1903. They follow the Rule of the Third Order Regular. Their habit comprises a brown tunic and scapular, a white hood and wimple, and a white woollen cord; they w'car a silver crucifix. Work. — • Assistance of the sick, the poor, the aged, of orjjhans and instruction of the young — in a word, all the works of mercy. Development. — This congregation possesses 8 houses, nearly all in the United States. The mother house is at Baie-St-Paul, Province of Quebec, Canada. The institution numbers 150 professed sisters, 7 novices, 30 postulants, and 8 associates.

B. Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, founded in India, and following the Rule of the Third Order Regular. They have six houses in Canada: (1) Que- bec, founded 1892; novitiate, perpetual adoration, printing, embroidery, workshop, house of probation for aspirants, patronage, visiting the sick. (2) St. Anne of Beaupre (1894); patronage, workshop, hos- pitality for pilgrims, visiting the sick. (3) St. Law- rence, Manitoba (1897); boarding-school, parochial schools, dispensary, visiting the sick. (4) Pine Creek, Manitoba (1899); school, model farm, dispensary, visiting the sick. (5) St. Malo, Quebec (1902); day nursery, primary schools, school of domestic economy, dispensary, pharmacy, visiting the sick. (6) Winni- peg (1909) ; day nursery, embroidery, patronage, visit- ing the poor and the hospitals. These houses possess 150 sisters, novices included. Since its establishment in Canada, the congregation has had 290 Canadian members, many of whom are now engaged in mi-ssion work in China, Japan, India, Ceylon, Congo, Zulu- land, Natal, MozamVjique, Madagascar, and South America. The mother-house of Quebec has founded six others in the United States: Woonsocket in 1904; New York and New Bcilford in 1906; Boston in 1907; Providence in 1909; Fall River in 1910.

C. Religious of St. Francis of Assisi, founded at Lyons, France, in 1838. Their object is the care of the sick and of orphans and the education of the young. They were introduced into Canada in 1904, and have at present 5 houses, comprising a hosjiital, a boarding- school for girls, and model and elementary schools.

Third Order Secular: I.Eri.ERcQ, Premier Etablissement de la foi (Paris. 1691); Eclaircisnemenls sur I'Mnbliimemenl d'un hospice A Qurhrr (1681), Archives de Versailles, Fonds Rlcnllets; Gazette des Families, Bulletin Mensuel (Quebec, 1869-76); Revue du Tiers- Ordre; Fr. Rientenu d'Osimo, tertiaire. Notice hisiorique sur le Tiers-OrdreiQuihec (Quebec. 1903). Third Order Regular: in- formation furnished by the congregations them-selves.

Odoric M. .Iouve.

VIII. Third Order of St. Francis in Great Britain and Ireland. — A. !n Great Britain. — The

Third Order Secular comprises ninety-six congre- gations of which forty are under the jurisdiction of the Friars INIinor of the Leonine Union and fifty-four under that of the Friars Minor Capuchin, and "about 12,000 members, amongst whom are several diocesan bishops, a number of the clergy, and laity of all ranks. In their organization the British tertiary congregations follow the common rule, but many of them add some corporal works of mercy, reclaiming negligent Catho- lics, and so forth. AH the tertiaries are governed by a commissary-provincial appointed by the minis- ter-provincial of the first order. His duty is to grant the neces,sary faculties to directors of congregations, to hold visitations, and generally supervise the affairs of the Third Order under his jurisdiction. A national conference of British tertiaries with a view to strength- ening and consolidating the order, was held in 1898 at Liverpool in the hall attached to the Jesuit church, and was presided over by the bishop of the diocese. The opening address was delivered by the Archbishop of Paris. A second national conference was held at Leeds. Since the institution of the English national CathoUc congress in 1910, the tertiaries have taken part in these and have had their sectional meeting in the congress.

Of the Third Order in Great Britain in pre-Reforma- tion days little is known. It is, however, certain that there existed in Scotland several houses of Sisters of the Thffd Order Regular. Blessed Thomas More is frequently spoken of as a tertiary of St. Francis, but there seems to be no historical e\-idence to sup- port this statement. The Third Order, however, was known in England in the penal days. Fr. William Staney, the first commissary of the order in England after the Dis.solution, wrote "A Treatise of the Third Order of St. Francis" (Douai, 1617). An interesting fact in connexion with the Third Order in England is the appointment in 1S57, as commissary-general, of Dr. (afterwards Cardinal) Manning, by a letter patent, dated 10 April, 1S57, given by the mini,ster-general of the Capuchin Friars Minor, empowering him to act as "Superior, visitor and Our Commissary of each and all the brothers and si.sters of the Third Order Secular dwelling in England", Among.st notable English tertiaries of modern times, besides Cardinal Manning, may be mentioned Cardinal Vaughan, Lady Herbert of Lea, the late Earl of Denbigh, and the poet Coventry Patmore. The Third Order Regular is represented in England by nineteen convents of sisters and in Scotland by six convents. There are no communities of brothers. These convents belong to various congregations, mo.st of which are of English institution. They devote themselves either to educa- tion or to parochial works of mercy or to the foreign missions. Mo.st notable historically amongst these congregations are the convents at Taunton and Wood- chester, which represent the English convent of the Third Order est alilished at Brussel.s Belgium, in 1621. Their founder was Father Gcnnings, the brother of the martyr Edmund Gennings. This was, in fact, the first convent of the Third Order Regular, enclosed, founded for English women. The community later on migrated to Bruges where it remained until 1794, when, owing to the troubles caused by the French Revolution, it crossed over into England and, after eleven years' residence at Winchester, .-settled finally at Taunton in Somerset. The c<>ngreg:itii>ii was under the juri.sdiction of the Friars Minor until 1,8:57 when, owing to the di.ssolution of the Recollect province, it came under the juri.'^diction of the diocesan bishop. In 1860 a second fotmdation was made at Wood- chester.

B. In Ireland. — The congregations of the Third Order Secular in Ireland are almost exclusively at- tached 1^> churches of the First Order. Under the jurisdiction of the Fri.irs Minor of the Leonine Union are fourteen congregations with 9741 members, and