Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 14.djvu/572

 TEPL

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TERCE

, Hist, del Nayarit (Mexico, 18S7); Davila, Conlinu-

^__on de la Hist, de la Comp. de Jesus en Nueva Espafia (Puebla, 1889); Mexico d traves de los sigtos, II, (Barcelona).

Camillus Crivelli.

Tepl, a Premonstratensian abbey in the western part of Bohemia, included in the Archdiocese of Prague; it was founded in 1193 by the blessed martyr Hroznata, a Bohemian nobleman (d. 1217). The first monks came from the Abbey of Strahov in Prague. Tepl escaped any damage in the Hussite Wars, probably on account of the military spirit of its Abbot, Racko of Risenberg (1411-44), who was aided by his relatives. It suffered, however, aU the more during the era of the Reformation. Luther's doc- trine soon found adherents among the subjects of the abbey. In 1525 there was a rebellion against the abbot and peace was not restored until the ring- leaders of the revolt were executed. In the following years a number of the monks left the order and mar- ried. Monastic discipUne was restored by Abbot Joharm Kurz (1555-59), who also established a theo- logical school. But his successor, Johann Meys- konig (1559-85), had a struggle with insubordination in the monastery. With the aid of the archbishop he was able to improve the monastery and the school. He brought back most of his subjects to the CathoUc Church by compulsion, after gentle treatment had failed. The reform was continued by Mathias Gohl (1585-96). Anch-eas Ebersbach (1598-1029) was a zealous reformer of the abbey and raised it to such a height that it was called the "nurseiy of pastoral work ". Parochial work and higher education are still important features of the life of the abbey. The ab- bey has the pastoral care of twenty-four parishes that are all in thewesternpartof Bohemia, a section which is almost entirely German. A twenty-fifth parish is being formed. The abbey has a theological school of the order with a two-years' course and three professors. Since 1809 it has had charge of the German gymnasium at Pilsen where there are fourteen canons. It also owns the celebrated cure of Marienbad. It supports hos- pitals at Tepl and Marienbad. The members of the abbey include 84 priests, 13 clerics, and 2 novices. The present monastery building was erected by Abbot Raimund Wilfert II (1688-1724); the library was built by Abbot Gilbert Hehner (since 1900). The Romanesque church, with additions in the style of the transition to the Gothic, is one of the oldest churches of Bohemia.

Karuk, Hroznata u. die Pr&monstratenser-Abiei Tepl (2nd ed., Pilsen, 1883); Festschrift zum 700-jahrigen Jubildum der Grun- dung des Prdmonstratenserstiftes Tepl (Tepl, 1893) ; Gra^sl, Gesch. u. Beschreibung des Stifles Tepl (Pilsen, 1910); ZAk, Oesterreiches Klosterbuch (Vienna, 1911), 54-56.

Klemens LQffler.

Teramo, Diocese of, in southern Italy. In the past the city was injured by earthquakes. It is situ- ated at the confluence of the Tordino and the Vessola in a very fertile district, and was formerly noted for its manufacture of delf ; ore is found in the vicinity. The cathedral is far from being uniform in style, the fagade being Uke a fortress wall in which a Gothic gate had been constructed; it contains, however, several works of art, among them the tomb of Bishop Nicola Ar- cioni (1317). The Churches of S. Domenico and of S. Francesco are also worth visiting. In ancient days it was called Interamnia and was the seat of govern- ment of the PrEBCutii, a Samnite people; in 315 b. c. a Roman colony, Interamnia Prajcutiana, was settled there; from them is derived the name of the entire re- gion, Abruzzi, a name already adopted in the sixth ccntiuy. .\mong the ruins of the Roman period are an amphitheatre, ;i theatre, and an aqueduct. After the LoiiKobard invasion it became the residence of a g(txtidili), depending on tlie Duke of Spoleto; under the Franks it was tlie seat of a count. In the beginning of 1 IDS it was annexed by the Normans; in 1155 Count Loretillo rebelled against King Roger and destroyed

the city, soon rebuilt through the efforts of Bishop Guido (1122), for which he and his successors were granted the investiture of the principahty. Prob- ably at this time arose the custom of the bishops of Teramo of pontificating armed and having arms also on the altar. Hardly had the town risen again when it began a series of quarrels with Ascoh, which more than once threatened to become sanguinary. Teramo resisted till the end of 1270 during the Angevin inva- sion. A httle later the bishops abandoned their tem- poral sovereignty and a royal captain was installed. In the beginning of the fifteenth century the Melatino, di Janni, and Acquaviva began to struggle for posses- sion of the town. In 1416 it was sacked by Lordino, a Frenchman, exasperated by being deprived of the title of high constable of the kingdom; during the pillage the treasures of the cathedi-al, including a precious sil- ver altar frontal, disappeared.

The]city which at that time contained 70,000 inhabi- tants began to decay. From 1438 tiU 1443 it belonged to the principahty which Francesco Sforza had formed in the Marches. Alfonso made it the capital of the Abruzzi, and in 1459 Giosia Acquaviva was made Duke of Teramo, against the will of the citizens. The fol- lowing year it was taken by Piccinino for Ren6 of Anjou; in 1461 it was retaken by Matteo di Capua. In 1519 Andrea Acquaviva assumed anew the lord- ship of Teramo and besieged the town; but he was forced to resign. About 600 a. d., according to St. Gregory the Great, the Abruzzian church having been long without a bishop, the election of Opportunus was procured; hence the origin of the see dates back to the fifth century at least, and the bishop's title was taken not from the town but from the district. It may be even more ancient. Among its other prelates were: St. Berardus (1115), descended from the family of the Counts dei Marsi; Matteo de Balato (1251), cap- tured during the inroad of the Ascolani and hberated through the intervention of Innocent IV; Blessed An- tonio Fatati (1450), counsellor of King Alfonso I; Gian Ant. Campano (1463), a htterateur and poet; Giacomo Silveri-Piccolomini (1553), distinguished at the Council of Trent; Leonardo Cassiani (1693), who improved the state of the clergy; Michele IklileUa (18.59), incarcerated by the new government in 1861. In 1818 the Diocese of Ortona, which is now only an archipresbyteral church, was incorporated with the See of Teramo. The latter is immediately subject to the Holy See and contains 121 parishes, 220 secular and 13 regular priests, 3 houses of religious and 1 of monks, 2 institutes for boys and 4 for girls.

Cappelletti, Le chiese d' Italia, XXI; Palma, Sioria eccletias- tica e civile. . . di Teramo (Teramo, 1852-6).

U. Benigni.

Terce.— The origin of Terce, like that of Se.xt and None, to which it bears a close relationship, dates back to Apostolic times. As has already been stated (see None) according to an ancient custom of the Romans and Greeks, the day and the night respect ivety were divided into four parts of about three hours each. The second division of the day hours was that of Terce from nine o'clock until midday. These divi- sions of the day were also in vogue among the Jews at the time of Christ. In the New Testament we find mention of the sixth hour in Matt., .xx, 5; xx\'ii, 45; Mark, xv, 33; John, xLx, 14; of the ninth hour, in Matt., xx\-ii, 46; Mark, w, 34; Acts, x, 3 and 30. (See None.) The hour of Terce is mentioned in the following passages: the householder hires labourers at the third hour. Matt., xx, 3; Jesus is crucified at the third hour, Mark, xv, 25; the Holy Ghost descends upon the Apostles on the day of Pentecost at the third hour, .'\cts, ii, 15. Some of these texts prove that these three hours were, in preference to others, chosen for prayer by t he Christ ians, and probably also by the Jews, from whom the Christians appear to have borrowed the custom. We find frequent mention in