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 TAYLOR

468

TE DEUM

opened her eyes to the truth of the CathoHc rehgion. After instruction she was received into the Church by Father Woollett, S.J. On her return to England she fu-st worked among the poor of London, and made the acquaintance of Lady Georgiana Fullerton, with whose co-operation she laid the foundation of her institute. In addition to this, and to opening various refuges, convents, schools, etc., she (hd a great deal of htcrary work. She wi'ote a good many stories and always employed her pen for the promotion of the Cathohc religion. For some time she edited "The Lamp", and helped to st;irt both "The Month", and "The Messenger of the Sacred Heart", to which, as to other Catholic papers and periodicals of the day, she contributed. She had imbibed from Father Dignam, S.J., a great devotion to the Sacred Heart, and was very active in spreading this devotion and the Apostleship of Prayer, especially in Ireland. In 1892 her health gave way, and the rest of her hfe was suffering, borne with exemplary patience. She died in a home she had founded for penitents in Soho Square, London. Her works are "Memoir of Father Dignam, S.J."; "Retreats given by Father Dignam, S.J."; "Conferences by Father Dignam, S.J."; "The Inner Life of Lady Georgiana Fullerton"; "Tyborne and Who Went Thither"; "Convent Stories " ; " Lost, and Other Tales " ; " Dame Dolores ' ' ; "Life of Father Curtis, S.J."; "Religious Orders"; "Holywell and Its Pilgrims"; "The Stoneleighs of Stoneleigh"; "Irish Homes and Irish Hearts"; "Eastern Hospitals and English Nurses."

The Messenger of the Sacred Heart (April. 1901); GiLLOW, Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath., s. v. Taylor, Frances Magdalen,

Fbancesca M. Steele.

Taylor, Hdgh, Venerable, Enghsh martyr, b. at Durham; hanged, drawn, and quartered at York, 2.5 (not 26) November, 1585. He arrived at Reims on 2 May, 1582, and having been ordained priest was sent thence on the mission on 27 March, 1585. He was the first to suffer under the Statute 27 Eliz. c. 2. lately passed. On 26 November, Marmaduke Bowes, a married gentleman, was hanged for having harboured him. Bowes is described by Challoner as of Angram Grange near Appleton in Cleveland, but is not men- tioned in the will of Christopher Bowes of Angram Grange, proved on 30 Sept., 1568, nor in the 1612. pedigree. The sole evidence against him was that of a formei- tutor to his children, an apostate Catholic. Having been previously imprisoned at York with his wife, he was under bond to appear at the Assizes which began on 23 November at York, anfi on his ar- rival found that Taylor was about to be arraigned. Bowes, though always a Catholic at heart, had out- wardly conformed to the Established Church. "Be- fore his death he was made a member of the Catho- lic Church the which he boldly confessed with great alacrity of mind".

Morris, Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers (London, 1872-7). I, 244; III, passim; Challoner, Missionary Priests, I (Edin- burgh, 1877), no. 29; Knox, Douay Diaries (London, 1878), pas- sim; Foster, Visitation of Yorkshire in WIS (1875), 497.

John B. Wainewright.

Tebaldeo, Antonio, Italian poet, b. at Ferrara, in 1463; d. in 1.537. His family name (Tebaldi) he changed to Tebaldeo, in consonance with the practice of the Humanists, who sought to Latinize the form of their appellation as much as possible. After serving as tutor to Isabella d'Este and secretary to Lucrezia Borgia, he became an habitu6 of the court of Leo X at Rome, enjoying the favour of that scholarly pope and the companionship of many of the erudite men and artists then in the Imperial City. He lost all his means in the sack of Rome (1527), and spent the re- mainder of his life in very narrow (circumstances. He wrote ver.se in both Latin and Italian. His Italian verse is remarkable rather for vices of diction and style than for any poetical excellence. With his arti-

ficial manner, his abuse of metaphor, and his studied imagery, he was a forerunner of those extravagant ver- sifiers who, in the seventeenth century, developed the movement called Marinism or Secenlismo. To Te- baldeo has been ascribed a redaction of Pohziano's play, "Orfeo", which aims to make that piece accord better with the principles of classic composition. He figured among the writers of the time who engaged in the discussion concerning the nature of hterary Italian. (See his verse in the edition of Venice, 1530, "DiM. Antonio Tebalilin f. umiv-, rr,],, icd'amore".)

D'AscONA, Del secentisi'i' : del sec. X Via

Nuova Antologia (.1876); C A-.. i -/i Bfm6o (Tur-

in, 1885), 234; Luzio, Ipno'' • . ;; / .';,'. . i Ancona, 1887).

J. D. M. Ford

Te Deum, The, an abbreviated title commonly given both to the original Latin text and the transla- tions of a hymn in rhythmical prose, of which the open- ing words, Ti Diuni In udamus, formed its earliest known title (namely in the Rule of St. Ca;sarius for monks, written probably when he was Abbot of Lerins, before A. D. 502). This longer title is used in the "Rules for Virgins" composed by St. Csesarius while Archbishop of Ai'les, and by his second successor in the same see, St- Aurelian, also in the Rule of St. Benedict; and generally in earlier hterature. The hymn is also sometimes styled "Hymnus .Ambrosianus", the " Am- brosian Hymn"; and in the Roman Breviary it is stiU entitled, at the end of Matins for Sunday, "Hymnus SS. Ambrosii et Augustini". It is interesting to note that the title has been changed to "Hymnus Ambrosi- anus" in the "Psalterium" of the new Roman Breviary of Pius X. This Psalterium has been printed (1912), but became obligatory only from 1 Jan., 1913. TheTe Deum is found in the first part of the "Psalterium (" Ordinarium", etc.) The tradition that it was spon- taneously composed and sung alternately by these saints on the night of St. Augustine's baptism (a. d. 387) can be traced back to the end of the eighth century, and is referred to in the middle of the ninth century by Hincmar of Reims (ut a majoribus noslris audiinmus) in his second work,"De pricdestinatione " (P. L., CXXV, 290), and in an elaborated form in a ^Iilanese chronicle attributed to Datius, Bishop of Milan (d. about 552), but really dating only from the eleventh century (thus Mabillon, Muratori, Merati, etc.). This tradition is now generally rejected by scholars.

(a) It should naturally have held, from earliest times, a prominent place in Milan; but of the earlier manuscripts of the Te Deum which refer to the tra- dition in their titles, none has any connexion with Milan, while the "Milan Cathedral Breviary" text (eleventh century) has no title whatever, (b) The tradition ascribing the authorship to the two saints is not unique. Another tradition is represented by the remark of Abbo of Fleurv (a. d. 985) in his "Quaes- tioncs graramaticales" (P. L., CXXXIX, 532, §19) concerning the erroneous substitution of "suscepisti" for " suscepturus " in the verse "Tu ad liberandum suscepturus hominein", etc., in what he styles "Dei palinodia quam composuit Hilarius Pictaviensis epis- copus". It may be added that an eighth- or ninth- century MS. of the hymn, now at Munich, refers it to St. Hilary, (c) But neither to Hilary nor to Am- brose may the hymn be prudently ascribed, because although both composed hymns, the Te Deum is in rhythmical prose, and not in the classical metres of the hymns known to have been WTitten by them. While, from the ninth century down to the present day, there is no century and no country of Western Europe (hat has not given its witness to the tradi- tional a.scription, the earliest MS., the "Bangor Antiphonary" (.seventh cent.) gives as title merely "Vnmura in die (loniinica", while other early MSS. make no reference to the authorship, either giving no titles or contenting themselves with such general ones