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 TAVIUM

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TAYLOR

with lands in Devon, Dorset, and Cornwall, and hci-ame one of the riohest monasteries in the west, of England. The church, dedicated to Our Lady and St. Kumon (one of the earlj- Irish saints in Cornwall), was burned by the Danes in 997, but magnificently rebuilt under Livingus, the second abbot. He and his suc- cessor Aldred both became bishops of Worcester, and the latter is said to liave crowned William the Con- queror. The thii-ty-sixth abbot, John Dynynton, was granted leave in 14.58 to use the mitre and other ponlificaUa; and the thirty-ninth, Richard Banham, was made a lord of Parliament by Henry VlII in 1.513. Twenty-five years later the last abbot, John Peryn, with twenty monks, surrendered the monas- tery to the king, receiving a pension of a hundred pounds. The abbey revenues at the dissolution were estimated at £902. The monastic buildings, with the borough of Tavistock, were granted to John Lord Russell, whose descendant, the Duke of Bedford, still owns them. Nothing is left of the monastery e-xcept the refectory, two gateways, and a porch; the splendid abbey church has entirely disappeared.

DlGDALE. Monast. Anglic. II (London. 1817). 489-503; Willis, Hist, of the Milred Parliamenlari/ Abbies (London, 1718), 170- 176; Tanner, Notitia Monastica (Cambridge, 1787), Devonshire, xtiv; Brat. The Borders of the Tamar and the Tory. I (London, 1879). I. 356^40, II. 8, 416, 423: OuvER, Historic Collections re- lating to the Monasteries in Devon (Exeter, 1820); Gasquet, Henry VI Hand the English Monasteries, I (London, 1888), 29, 295.

p. O. Huntbr-Blair.

 Tavium, a titular see in Galatia Prima, suffragan of Aneyra. Tavium, or Ta\-ia, was the chief city of the Galatian tribe of Trocmi, and owing to its position on the high roads of commerce was an im- portant trading post. There are still extant some of the coins of Marcus Aurelius and Elagabalus. In the temple at Tavium there was a colossal statue of Jupiter in bronze, greatly venerated by the Galatians. There was some doubt about the exact site of the city, but it is to-day generally believed to be the ruins situated clo.se to the village of Nefez Keui, inhabited during the winter by nom.adic Turkish tribes, Ij'ing in a very fertile plain east of Halys in the caza of Songourlou and the vilayet of Angora. These ruins were partly used in buikling the neighbouring village of Yuzgad. We find there the remains of a theatre and possibly of a temple of Jupiter; these have a number of inscriptions, mostly Byzantine. In the " Notitia" Episcopatuum" this see is mentioned up to the thirteenth century as the first suffragan of Aneyra. We have the names of five bishops: Dicasius, present at the Councils of Neocaesarea and Nice; Julian, at the Robber .Synod of Ephesus (449), and at the Council of Chalcedon (4.51), and a signer of the letter from the Galatian bishops to the Emperor Leo (4.58); Anastasius, present at the Council of Constantinople (553); Gregory at the Council in Trullo (692); Philaretua at Constantino- ple (869).

Le Qciex, Oriens Christ.. I, 473: Smith, Did. Greek and Ro- man Geog.. s. v.: Texier, Asie mincure, 497; Perrot. Exploration archiol. dc la Galalie el dc la Bithi/nic (Paris,1872). 288-93; Ramsay, Asia Minor, 243; MiJLLER, notes to Ptolemy, ed. Didot. I, 853.

S. P^TRioiia.

 Taza Innocentiana, a Detsree issued by Innocent XI, 1 Oct., 167.S, regul.ating the fees that m.ay be demanded or accepted by episcopal (hancery offices for various acts, instruments, or writings. Accord- ing to this Decree bishops or their officials are not allowed to accept anything though freely offered (1) for ordin;itions or;inything connected therewith, such as dimi.ssorial letters, etc.; (2) for in.stitution to benefices; (3) for m.atrimonial dispen.sations. In this last ca.se, however, alms to be applied to pious uses mjiy be demanded. A moderate eh:irge, fixed by Innocent, may be exacted by the chancellor for ex- pediting necessary documents, excei)t those granting permission to say Mass, administer tlic sacraments,

preach, etc. The Taxa Innocentiana is silent in re- gard to contentious matters, e. g. the charge for copies of the acts of ec(lesiastical trials. Some maintained that Innocent's legislation was pro- mulgated for Italy only, but it evidenced the mind of the Church, and at least in substance was of uni- versal application. The Sacred Congregation of the Council on 10 June, 1896, modified the prescriptions of Innocent, decreeing that while taxes or fees may be imposed according to justice and prudence in matters pertaining to benefices and sacraments, es- pecially matrimony, yet the sacraments themselves must be conferred without charge and pious customs connected therewith observed In other matters not directly affecting the administration of the sacra- ments, e. g. dispensations from the banns, it is de- creed that: (1) laudable customs must be observed and allowances made for various circumstances of time, place, and persons; (2) the poor are not to be taxed: (3) in any case the amount demanded must be moderate, so that persons may not be deterred thereby from receiving the sacraments; (4) as regards matrimony the exaction is to be remitted, if otherwise there would be danger of concubinage; (5) in regard to benefices the tax must be in proportion to the fruits or income of the benefice in question; (6) all such fees are to be determined not by individual bishops but in provincial council, or at least in a special meeting of the ordinaries of the province for this purpose. The approval of the Holy See is required for the fees determined upon. Rome's sanction is given tentatively for five years to Italy, for ten years to other countries.

Ferraris, a. v. Taza; Lucidi, De risilat. ss. liminum, doc. XX,

III. m- Andrew B. Meehan.

 Taxster, , sometimes erroneously called Taxter or Taxston, was a thirteenth-century chronicler, of whose life nothing is known except that he was professed as a Benedictine at Bury St. Edmund's 20 Nov., 1244. It is probable that he died in or about 1265, when his chronicle ceases. His work, which in the earlier part is compiled from Florence of Worcester, William of Malmesbury, and Ralph de Diceto, begins with the creation of the world. The value of the chronicle arises from Taxster's account of his own times; and his description of contemporary events was subsequently used by Everisden, Oxenedes, and Bartholomew Cotton. This part of his work has accordingly attracted more attention, and his chronicle for the period 1258–1263 has been printed by Luard in his edition of Cotton (Rolls Series). Taxster's chronicle as a whole has never been printed, and exists only in two MSS., one in the British Museum (Cott., Julius, A. 1.), the other in the College of Arms (Arundelian MS., 6). A faulty MS. for the years 1173–1265 was printed in 1849 for the English Historical Society, and passages relating to German affairs have been included by Pertz in "Mon. Germ. Hist.: Script.", XXVIII.

Author:Felix Liebermann in Author:Georg Heinrich Pertz, Mon. Germ. Hist.: Script., XXVIII Author:Henry Richards Luard, in R. S., loc. cit. (London, 1859); Author:Thomas Duffus Hardy, Descriptive Catalogue, III (London, 1871); Author:Thomas Frederick Tout in Dict. Nat. Biog., s. v.

Author:Edwin Burton.

 Taylor, Frances M.4.rgaret (Mother M. Macdalen Taylor), Superior General, and foundress of the Poor Servants of the Mother of God, b. 20 Jan., 1832; d. in London, 9 June, 1900. Her father was a Protestant clergyman, the vicar of a Lincoln- shire parish where her early years were spent in works of charity among the poor. She was a very clever woman, full of energy, with a wide sympathetic nature and a reniark;il)ly retentive memory. In 18.54 her patriotism moved li(T to join Mi.ss Night- ing:ili''s st;tff of nurses,;ind to go with them to the CriiiHMii War. This threw her into conta<-t with Catholic priests, Sisters of Mercy, and soldiers, and