Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 14.djvu/518

 TARTINI

462

TASCHEREAU

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NicoLd Tartaglia

pressed the request to be buried in the Church of San Silvestro, which wish, according to Dr. Giuseppe Tas- sin ( " Curiosita Veneziane ' ', Venice, 1 864) , was fulfilled . The published works of Tartaglia include: "Nuova Scienza", deaUng with gunnery (Venice, 1537, French translation by Rieflel, Pans, 1845-6); the first Italian translation of Eu- chd (Venice, 1543); the earliest Latin version of some of the works of Archi- medes (Venice, 1543) "Quesiti ed Invenzioni Di- verse", including problems in bal- listics and fortifi- cation (Venice, 1546, new ed., 1554); "Rcgola Generale per sol- levare ogni affon- data Nave, intito- lata laTravagliata Invenzione" (Ven- ice, 1551, English version published by Salusbuiy, Lon- don, 1.564); "Ra- gionamenti sopra la Tra\-agliata In- venzione" (Venice 1551); "Trattato Generale di Numeri e Misure" (Venice, 2 pts. in 1556, 4 pts. in 1.560); "Trattato di aritmetica" (Venice, 1556, French tr. by Gosselin, Paris, 1578); "Opere del Famo8issiniois^icol6 Tartaglia" (Venice, 1606); and an English translation, by Lucar in 1588, of his writings on gunnery. A letter of Tartaglia's is in the archives of Urbino and another letter and his will are in the archives of Venice.

TARTAiLiA'sOuesiKCVenice, :554);BlTTANTi,£»isfM-sodiiViVco!d TaTtaglia (Brescia, 1871);BcONCOMP.\GNr,ed. Cremona and BEiy- TRXMI, Iittorrio ad u7lTesta7nento Inedito di Nicold Tartaglia in Col- lectanea Math.. Mem. Dam. Chelini (Milan. 1881). 363^10; GlORDANi, 7 sei cartelli di mat. disfida primamente iniomo alia gen- erale risoluzione delle equazioni cubiche i con sei Contro-Cartelli in risposta di N. T. (Milan, 1876); Rossi, Elogi di Bresciani Illuslri (Brescia, 1620), 386; Tonni-Bazza, Di una lettera inedita di Ni- cold Tartaglia in R. Accad. dei Lined, Rendiconti, Classe d. sei. Jis.. ser. 5. X, pt. II (Rome, 1901), 39-42; Tonni-Bazza, Di Nieold Tartaglia: frammenti di nuove ricerche. Ice. cit., ser. 5, XIII, pi. I

(Rome, 1904), 27-30. Paul H. Linehan.

Tartini, Giuseppe, violinist, composer, and theorist, b. at Pirano, Italy, 12 April, 1692; d. at Padua, 16 Feb., 1770. He resisted the earnest desire of his parents that he enter the Franciscan Order, and matriculated at the University of Padua in 1710 as a student in jurisprudence. It was not long before he abandoned this for the study of music, especially the violin, and the art of fencing, in which latter he soon became a master. Having secretly mar- ried a relative of Cardinal Cornaro, and being accused of abduction, he fled to Assisi, where he found an asylum and a guide of the first order for his musical studies in the person of Padre Boemo. After two years he emerged from his seclusion — the charge against him having in the meantime been dropped — and returned to Padua, settling later in Ancona for several years. There he developed into one of the greatest violin players of all time, and also continued his theoretical studies. In 1721 he was ajipointed solo violinist and orchestra conductor at the Cathedral of Padua, a position which he held, with the cxcoptioii of t wo years spent in the service of Count Kiiisky at Frague, \iiitil the end of his life. He refuscil many Miittcriiig invitations to visit other countries. In 17'-'s T.artini established at P.adua a school for violin-playing which has given to the world some of its greatest masters, among them Nardini, Pasqualiuo, Bini, and many

others. The manner of bowing originated by Tartini is still standard. He published an enormous num- ber of compositions for the vioUn and for several combinations of instruments. Of the former many are the repertoires of present-day violin virtuosi. His single composition for the Church was a "Miserere" for four, five, and eight voices, which was performed by the Sistine choir in 1768. Although not the first to discover the so-called combination tone, or third tone, which results when two tones forming a perfect consonance are sounded, his name has always been associated with this discovery because he made it the basis of a new system of harmony. This .system he laid down in In^ ■j i.n i iti. .li musica" in 1754.

Mendel,-!/'. '■, "-/..j-i/.-on, X (Berlin, 1,S78);

P'an-gazo. O™;:,. i.pe Tarliin (Padiia, 1770);

L'GONi, Giustpi«- l',:,:,i.i. .....: .,;„ ^Lirt'acia, ISOJ).

Joseph Otten.

Taschereau, Elzear-Alexandre, Archbishop of Quebec and fii-st Canadian cardinal, b. 17 February, 1820, at La Beauce, Province of Quebec; d. 1898, at Quebec. He entered the Seminary of Quebec in 1828, and graduated after briUiant studies in 1836. While pursuing further studies in Rome he was on the point of joining the Benedictines, ow- ing to his relations with Dom Gueranger. He reconsidered his decision, however, and returned to Quebec, was ordained priest at La Beauce, 10 Sept., 1842, and thenceforth devoted himself to the work of the seminary. He was successively occupied as disciplina- rian and professor, and as member of the sem- inary council was one

of the founders of Laval University in 1852. In 1854 he again studied in Rome, residing at the French Seminary, where he took the degree of Doctor of Canon Law in 1856. He was superior, 1860-66. In 1862 and 1864 he returned to Rome in defence of the rights of Laval, and again in 1869, as theologian of Archbishop Baillargeon during the ^'atican Council. In the same year he was re-elected superior of the seminary and Rector of Laval L'niversity, and in 1871 was made Archbishop of Quebec. In 1886 he was raised to the cardinalate, taking his title from Santa Maria della Vittoria. He was particularly zealous in educational matters; the Seminary of Quebec found him at all times a devoted protector; he saved from extinction the classical college of Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, and aided the growth of new colleges at Li5vis and Chicoutimi.

Mgr Taschereau's episcopal administration was very fruitful. He founded at Quebec the Sacred Heart Hospital, canonieally erected forty parishes, founded thirty missions, established various devotions, procured the creation of an episcopal see at Chicoutimi, consecrated seven bishops, ordained more than three hundred priests, convened thrcv jirovincial councils, and introduced the Redemptorist Order into his dio- cese, giving it charge of the parish of St. Patrick, and of the shrine of Ste. Anne de Beaupre. He or- ganized the memonihle celebrat ion of the second centenary of the foimdation of the See of Quebec, con- secr;itc'd the new basilica of Ste. .\nne de Be:uipr(?, and perfonueil the solemn translation of the remains of Mgr de Laval. He was nnieh devoted to the Holv See, to which he jKiid episro])al visits in 1S72, 1S84, and 1888. He also welcomed at l^uebec on three oc- casions the representatives of the Holy See, Monsi-