Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 14.djvu/515

 TARRAGONA

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TARRAGONA

The work was translated into French (Brussels, 186S). Other works on canon law are his treatise on the French Concordat of 1801 (Rome, 1871), and a disquisition on the Pauline Privilege (published pos- thumously in 1888).

Though best known, perhaps, as a canonist, Tar- quini was also an archa>ologist of no mean repute, especially on matters relating to the ancient Etrus- cans of Italy. Ilis earliest archaeological treatise is " Breve commento di antiche iserizioni appartenenti alia cittd di Fermo" (1847). He began the Etruscan series of his works specifically with " Dichiarazione dcir epigrafe del lampadario di Cortona" (1862), which was soon followed by a more general treatise: " Dizzertazioni intorno ad alcuni monumenti etru- schi" (Rome, 1862). The "Civilta Cattolica" of 1857 and 1858 contains many of Tarquini's articles on Etruscan antiquities, the most noted being: "Origini italiche e principalmente etruschi rivelatc dei nomi geografici" (Ser. 3, Vol. VI); "1 misteri della hngua etrusca" (Vol. VIII); "Iserizioni etrusche in monumenti autofoni" (Vol. IX); "Di vasi etruschi divinatorii" (Vol. X); "Iscrizione etrusca di Perugia" (Vol. XI); and "Sopra il semi- tismo della lingua etrusca" (Ser. 4, Vol. VII). He also wrote an Etruscan grammar and a dictionary of the Etruscan language. Other archaeological treat- ises are: "Delia iscrizione della cattedra Alessan- drina di San Ma^co" (1868), and "De I'origine des ph(5niciens et leur identity avec les Pasteurs qui en- vahirent I'Egj-pte" (1870). Tarquini was a member of the Pontifical Roman Academy of Archseologj' and of the Imperial and Royal Academy of Science of Lucca. He was also president of the historical and archipological sections of the Aceademia de' Quriti. He was raised to the cardinalate by Pius IX with the diaconal title of St. Nicholas at the Tullian Prison on 22 Dec, 1873, only a few months before his death.

S0M.MERV00EL. Bibli, de le comp. de Jisus, VIII (Brussels, 1896) : De Backer, Bibli. des icrivains de la comp. de JSsus, H (Louvain, 1876).

William H. W. Fanning.

Tarragona Archdiocese of (Tarraconensls), bounded on the N. by Barcelona and Lerida, on the E. by Barcelona, on the S. by the Mediterranean Sea and Torlosa, and on the W. by Tortosa. It comprises the civil Provinces of Tarragona and L^'rida, and its capital city has 24,335 inhabitants. Its suffragans are Barcelona, Lerida, Gerona, Urgel, Vich, Tortosa, and Solsona. Tarragona is one of the most ancient cities of Snain, probably of Iberian origin, as its coins and Cyclopean walls indicate. The Romans selected Tarragona as the centre of their government in Spain. In the division it was the capital first of Ilither Spain (Uispania Citerior) and then of the Province of Tarraconensis. In the fifth century it was overrun by the Vandals, Suevi, and Alani. The Visigothic king, Euric, took possession of it in 475 and totally demoli.-^hed it. During the occupation of the Visigoths it floiiri.shed once more, but the Arabs again destroyed it in 719.

The Churoh of Tarragona is undoubtedly one of the most ancient in Spain, holding as it does the tradition of t he coming of St. .lames and St. Paul. The visit of St. Paul to Tarragona is not altogether beyond the range of po.ssibilities, supposing that he came from Rome to Spain, as he promised to do, in the Epistle to the Romans, and as St. Jerome affirms that he did. The first written testimony which we have concerning the bisliops of Tarragona dates from the third cen- tury. This is in the Acts of the Martyrdom of the bishop St. Fructuosus and his deacons Augurius and Eulogius. The list of the bishops of Tarragona, therefore, begins with St. Fructuosus, but it is sup- posed that other bishops, whose names have been lost to us, preceded him. The see of Tarragona, which was vacant at that time, w^as represented at the

Council of Aries (314) by two procurators, the priest Probatius and the deacon Castorius. Himerius, who sent the priest Basianus lo Pope St. Damasus, and who obtained a letter from Pope St. Siricius, was Archbishop of Tarragona in :>S4. It is also con- jectured that the Hilarius who was the subject of the Decretal issued by Innocent 1 was also a Bishop of Tarragona. Ascanio was bishojj in 465, and previous to 516 we find the name of Archbishop John, who, on 6 November, 516, assembled all the bishops of his province and held the first provincial council of Tar- ragona, at which ten bishops were present. In 517 he assembled another provincial council in Gerona.

Sergius, who was bishop from 535 to 546, held coun- cils in Barcelona and Lerida. St. Justus, Bishop of

Urgel, dedicated to him his commentary on the Song of Solomon. Tranquillinus was bishop for many years previous to 560. He had been a monk in the Monastery of Asana under the direction of St. Vic- tornus. Artemius, bishop prior to 589, was not able to attend the Third Council of Toledo, but sent a sub- stitute, Stephen. He called provincial councils at Saragossa (599) and Barcelona. Eusebius (610-32) held the council of Egara (Tarrasa) to enforce the canons of the Council of Iluesca. Audax (633-38) was present at the Fourtli Council of Toledo, and Protasius (637-46) at the Sixth and Seventh. Cyprianus (680-88) sent representatives to the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Councils of Toledo, and Vera assisted personally at the Sixteenth and Seventeenth. In his time or in that of his successor, George, the Mohammedan invasion took place. Ludovico Pio appears to have temporarily taken possession of the city. A portion of its territory was bestowed on the Bisliop of Barce- lona, and the metropolitan rank wjis given to the Bishop of Narlxjime, but was recovered in 759. Ca'sarius endeavoured to obtain recognition as titular Archbishop of Tarragona, but was not successful, although he was consecrated by the bishops of Leon and Galicia, and obtained from the pope the abbey of Santa Cecilia, which belonged to the .Archbishop of Tarragona. Borrell, Count of Barcelona, induced