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 TARKIN

45S

TARQUINI

he was the most renowned master-mason at Amiens at the time in which he hved. He was abeady famous in 1475, wlien he was summoned to inspect the cathe- dral of Noyon, which threatened to become ruinous in many places. Although he was not then entitled master-mason of the city, he was so in fact, as noth- ing of importance was done without him. In 1477 he was at Arras, at work for the King of France. In 1500 the plan of Martin Cambiche for the restora- tion and decoration of the cathedral of Beauvais was submitted to him. On 4 Nov., 1483, at the death of Guillaume Postel, Pierre Tarisel was appointed mas- ter-mason of the city of Amiens. His predecessors had been paid at the rate of 4s. per day; according to the accounts which have been preserved, Tari.sel re- ceived 5s. The rate was again reduced to 4s. for his successor, which shows with what esteem his talent was regarded.

There is no document to show in what year he be- came master-mason of the cathedral; but it seems certain beyond doubt that he fulfilled these duties in 1482-83. On 7 March, 1497, Tarisel visited all the cloistered houses subject to the cathedral chapter. Shortly afterwards he undertook the task of restoring the cathedral. The second pillar of the choir, on the left, threatened to fall, but under Tarisel's direction it was restored in 1497. The projecting arch and the arches near it were restored, and the outer wall was propped by an additional flying buttress. In 1503 the same was done for the remaining pillars. Between 1497 and 1503 the pillars of the transept "buckled", owing to the weight of the rear side arches, and cracks formed. The remedy was found in bands of Spanish iron, reaching from the transept to the ends of the choir, the nave, and the cross bars. The great u-on chainwork upholding the four large pillars of the transept running the length of the triforium in four directions still exists, and is justly famous. All this was the work of Tarisel, by whom the cathedral of Amiens was saved from ruin in the fifteenth and six- teenth centuries, and which is a sufficient claim to renown.

DuRAND, Maitre Pierre Tarisel, mattre matron du roi, de la ville et de la cathedrale d' Amiens: Idem, Monographie de la eathS- drale d' Amiens; Desj.\rdin8, Histoire de la cathMrale de Beau- vais: archives of the city of Amiens; archives of the Department of the Somme. M. VaccON.

Tarkin, Saint (Talamcan), Bishop of Sodor (including the western islands of Scotland), was prob- ably of purely Pictish origin, though the Aberdeen Breviary (1509) says he was born in Ireland. The legend in the Breviary states that he was raised to the episcopate by Pope Gregory; and Adam King's Kalendar (1558) styles him "bischop and confess, in Scotland under King Solvathius". The Bollandists, following the chronology of the Dalriadic kings as adopted by Pinkerton and Skene, place the reign of Selvach from 706 to 726; and, as (jregory II was pope from 715 to 731, conclude that Talarican became bi.shop about 720, a few years after the Columban monks of lona had been induced by St. Egbert to conform to the Roman Rite. He is said to have offered the Holy Sacrifice every day, to have been noted for his zeal and his mortified life, and to have converted many pagans in the northern coasts of Scotland through his preaching and example. Ac- cording to Dempster, he died in the Island of Lis- more. Many churches subsequently founded in the Dioceses of Moray, Ross, and Aberdeen were dedi- cated in his honour. His name is perpetuated in the great district of KiltarUty (Inverness-shire), the church and cemetery of Ceilltarraglan (Skye), and wells still known as "St. Tarkin's" at Fordyce, Kilsyth, and elsewhere.

Acta SS., LXI (Paris. 1883), 447-.TO; Kalendars of Scolliah Saints, ed. Forbes (Edinburgh, 1S72). 216. 449; Breviarum Aherdonense (London, JH54). para testiv.. fol. cxxxv; Origin Paroch. Scot. (Edinburgh, 1850). I, 43; II, 355, 377; Keith, Hist.

Cat. of ScoUish Bishops, ed. Rossel (Edinburgh, 1824). 296; Pinkerton, Enquiry into the Hist, of .Scotland, II (Edinburgh. 1814), 122; Dempster, Hist. Eccles. Gent. Scot.. II (Edinburgh, 1S2«). fill- D. O. Hunter-Blair.

Tarnow, Diocese of (Tarnoviensis), in western tialicia, Austria. The See of Posen, founded in 968 by Duke Miecyslaw, was the only one in Poland until 1100. In that year Otto III and Duke Boleslaw Cha- bry founded the Sees of Gnesen and Cracow, to which also belonged what is to-day western Galicia. When in the First Partition of Poland, in 1772, the latter fell to Austria, it was separated from the foreign See of Cra- cow, and the ad- ministration en- trusted to the vicar-general, Jo- hann von Duval, who resided at Tarnow. On the erection of the See of Tarnow in 1783, he became its first bishop. By the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Cracow too fell to Austria, whereupon it was considered advisable after the death of the sec- ond bishop (1801) to divide the See of Tarnow be- tween Cracow and Przemysl. By the Peace of Vi- enna in 1809 Austria was obliged to relinquish western Galicia and with it Cracow, both assigned to the Duchy of Warsaw. The Diocese of Tarnow there- upon came under Lemberg, whose bishop gave the management of it to the prior of .Alt Sandek as his vicar-general. In the Congress of Vienna, Austria once more incorporated the Kingdom of Galicia. The Emperor Francis in 1822 gave Tarnow another bishop, Gregorius Thom;is Ziegler. He had been a Benedic- tine at Wiblingen, but was at that time professor of dogma at Vienna. He established his residence in the former Benedictine monastery of Tyniec. This, how- ever, was too near Cracow, and Ziegler removed thence to Bochnia and finally in 1826 back to Tarnow. There are to-day in this diocese 809,000 Catholics; 379 secular priests; 72 male religious and 340 nuns.

Zachariahiewicz, Vitfs episcoporum Premyslieiisium (Vienna, 1844),LXVIII-LXXIII.

COLESTIN WOLPSGRUBER.

Tarquinl, Camillus, cardinal, Jesuit canonist and archa'ologist, b. at Marta in the Diocese of Mon- tefiascone, Italy, 27 Sept., 1810; d. at Rome, 15 Feb., 1874. Tarquini entered the Society of Jesus on 27 Aug., 1837, but before his entrance he had published, as a thesis for his doctorate, a work on canon law: " Institutionum juris canonici tabular synopticae juxta ordinem habitum a Joanne Devoti" (Rome, 1835). As a professor, Tarquini held the chair of canon law at the Roman College, and he attracted notice by his masterly explanations of Sacred Scripture at the Gesil. Besides his published works, he contributed many articles to reviews, notably to the "CiviltS. Cattohca". It is principally as a canonist that he achieved fame. His first work on the law of the Church to bring him into international celebrity was that on the Regium Placet, or Exequatur, for papal Bulls (Rome, 1851), which was translated into Ger- man, Spanish, and French. This treatise is generally published as an appendix to his main work on canon law: "Juris ecclosiiiatici public! institutiones" (Rome, 1862), which has gone through fourteen editions.