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442

TANEY

Richard, then Bishop of Belley, pilgrimages were started to sanctuaries where Eucharistic miracles had taken place. Their success led to Eucharistic con- gresses. At the Lourdes Congress she was called the Jeanne d'Arc of the Blessed Sacrament, but her name was not publicly associated with the con- gresses untU after her death. Canon Vaudon's his- tory of the congresses published just before her death, though giving a detailed account of her apostolic career, calls her only "Mile . . . ". She lived for some years at Issoudun and ministered there to the Shrine of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart. All her spare means, though often depriving herself, she devoted to the education of poor aspirants to the priesthood.

Mile Tamisicr in The Sentinel of the Blessed Sacrament (New York, July, 1911); Vaudon, L'CEuvre ties Congres Eucharistiques (Paris and Montreal. 1910); L' Ideal (Paris, 1910).

B. Randolph.

Tanagrra, atitularseeinHellas, suffraganof Corinth ; it was a town of Boeotia, in a fertile plain on the right bank of the jEsopus. It was also called Poemandria and its territory Poemandris. In 457 b. c. the Athenians were defeated near Tanagra by the Lace- dsemonians, but early in the following year they in turn defeated the Bceotians, thereby becoming masters of Boeotia. The city walls were destroyed. In 426 the Athenians invaded the territory of Tanagra and defeated the Tanagrians and Boeo- tians. The people of Tanagra were noted for their frugality, loyalty, and hospitality. Their land yielded httle wheat, but the best wine in Boeotia, and the town was also noted for its fighting-cocks. Under Augustus Tanagra and Thespia; were the chief towns of Boeotia. It had numerous temples, one of Dionysius with a famous statue by Calanus and a remarkable Triton, other temples of The- mis, Aphrodite, ApoUo, Hermes Criophorus, and Hermes Promachus. The gymnasium contained a portrait of the poetess, Corinna, who was born at Tanagra and commem- orated there by a monu- ment. Phny calls Tan- agra a free state. It was still important in the sixth century, but must soon after have been de- stroyed by Slavic inva- sions. A station on the railway between Athens and Thebes is now called Tanagra; it connects with the village of Skimatari (6.50 inhabitants), about eight miles south of which are the ruins of the ancient town including the acropolis, necropolis etc. Excava- tions have made the tombs famous for the pretty little terra-cotta figurines which they contain. Duchesne has published ("Bulletin de correspondance hclk''- nique". Ill, Paris, 1879, 144) a Christian inscription dating from the fifth or six-th century. Only one bishop is known, Hesychius, who in 458 signed the letter from the provincial synod to the Emperor Leo (Le Quien, "Oriens Christ.", II, 212); the other bishop mentioned by him belongs to another see. Smith, Did. of Greek and Roman Oeog., s. v.

S. P£tridI;8.

Tanagra Figurine

Tancred, Prince of Antioch, b. about 1072; d. at Antioch, 12 Dec, 1112. He was the son of Marquess Odo and Emma, probably the daughter of Robert Guiscard. He took the Cross in 1096 with the Nor- man lords of Southern Italy and joined the service of his uncle Bohemund. Having disembarked at Ar- lona (Epirus), they marched towards Constantinople, and Tancred soon attracted attention by his activity, bravery, and somewhat undisciphned zeal; according to his biographer, Raoul de Caen, he was noted also for his humanity and kindness towards the defence- less. He brilhantly repulsed the Byzantine army which attacked him as he was crossing the Vardar (28 Feb., 1097), from which time Tancred became and remained the bitter enemy of the Greeks. Unlike Bohemund, he was the only one of all the leaders who refused to take the oath of fidehty demanded by Alexis Comnenus. He played an important part in the siege of Nicsea, and later, during the difficult march through Asia Minor, he led the way southwards and captured Tarsus which Baldwin tried in vain to WTest from him (Sept., 1097). While Baldwin advanced towards the Euphiates, Tancred seized the towns of Cilicia. He took an active part also in the siege of Antioch. In the march on Jerusalem he commanded the vanguard, and on 15 July, 1099, he entered the city, after making a breach in the gate of St. Stephen. He vainly endeavoured to save the lives of 300 Mus- sulmans who had taken refuge in the Mosque of Omar (Templum Domini). On the other hand he looted the treasures amassed in that building and distributed them among his knights. He received from Godfrey de Bouillon, who had been selected over him as king, the fiefs of Tiberias and Caifa. When Bohemund was captured bv the Turks in July, 1100, Tancred assumed the govern- ment of the Princi- pality of Antioch, and extended its bound- aries at the expense of the Turks and the Greeks. During the war between BoIk - mund and Alexia Comnenus (1104-OS), Tancred defended both the Principality of Antioch and the Countship ofEdessa; he also strengthened the Christian power in those di.striots, and refused to recognize the Treaty of Durazzo by which Bohemund had ceded the suze- rainty of Antioch to the emperor. A skilled politician, he knew how to placate the Greeks and issued Greek money on which he is represented adorned with gold and jewels, wearing a turban surmounted by a cross.

Raoul De Caen. Gesta Tancredi (the author went to Palestine in 1107 and was attached to the army of Tancred) in Hist. Occid. des Croisades, III, 537-601; Schlumberger. Nurnisma' titiue de I'Orienl toin (Paris, 1878), 45; DeSaulcy, Tancride in BiUioth. Ecole des Charles (1843); O. de Sydow, Tank-red (Leip- zig. 1880); Rey, Hist, des princes d'Aniioche in Revue Orient Latin (1896). 334; Kuoler. Boemund u. Tankred (TQbingen, 1862); Chalandon, Essai sur le r(gne d' Alexis Comnhw (Paris. 1900); Stevenson, The Crusaders in the East (Cambridge. 1907).

Louis BrShier.

Taney, Roger Brooke (pronounced Tawney), fifth chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, b. in Calvert Count v. Mar^•land, 17 March, 1777; d. at Washington. 12 October, 1864. His father, Michael Taney, was a gentleman of Catholic ancestry and education, and his mother, Monica Brooke, was also a Catholic. He was educated at pri-

Tancred, Prince of An From an old print