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TAMBURINI

probability, although Talon cannot affirm it as cer- tain, that one of the rivers seen by him during his in- tercourse with the Indians was the Mississippi which La Salle's premature death prevented the discoverer from seeing again.

Tanguat, Diet, giriealogtque (Montreal, 1881); Archives of the Marine (France, 1698); (5aeneau, Hist, du Canada (Montreal, 1883).

Lionel Lindsay.

Tamanac Indians, a formerly important tribe of Cariban linguistic stock occupying the territor}' about the Cuchivero River, a tributary of the lower (Orinoco, Venezuela. In 1749 they were in part, together with a part of the Saliva, gathered into the mission of San Luis del Encaramada (briefly Encaramada), estab- lished in that year by the celebrated Jesuit missionary and historian. Father S. Gilii, on the east bank of the Orinoco, some distance above the Apure. Father Gilii resided with the tribe for eighteen years until the expulsion of the order, when the Jesuit missions of the Orinoco were turned over to the Franciscans. Change of administration, disorders of the revolutionary period and governmental neglect ruined the missions, while frequent fever epidemics and terrible losses dur- ing the War of Independence decimated the Orinoco tribes, and aa early as 1840 the Tamanac were virtu- ally extinct with the exception of a few scattered in- dividuals. In culture and mode of li\'ing the Tamanac resembled the Maipure. They had a lengthy genesis myth, with a deluge, in which a man and a woman saved themselves by climbing to the top of a high mountain called Tamanaca and miraculously created a new human race from the fruit of the mauritiua palm. Hence the name of the tribe. Their great cul- ture hero was Anialivaca, who came to them in a boat from over the eastern ocean and finally returned in the same way, after carving numerous sacred pictographs upon now inaccessible cliffs in the Tamanac country. Hence the missionaries were supposed by some of the Indians to be messengers from their lost culture hero and benefactor. (See also Maipdre; Saliva.)

Gilii, Sasgio di storia americana (Rome, 1784); Humboldt, Travels in the Equinoctial Regions of America (London, 1818); Hervas. Catdlogo de las lenguas. I (Madrid, 1800); Codazzi, Geografia de Venezuela (Paris, 1841); Brinton, American Race (New York, 1891).

James Moonet.

Tamassus, a titular see in Cj-prus, suffragan of Salamis, was situated in the great central plain of the island, south-west of Soli, on the road from Soli to Tremithus. As there were copper mines in the neigh- bourhood, it is very probably the Temese, mentioned by Homer (Odys.sey, I, 184), which was in his time the principal copper market of the island. To-day the three villages of Pera, Episkopio, and Politiko occupy the former site. The coins warrant our use of the spelling, Tamassus. According to the legends of Saints Barnabas and Auxibius, the first consecrated bishop was St. Heraclides, later transferred to Salamis, where he was succeeded by St. Myron, like himself a martyr (27 September). Three other bishops are mentioned: Tychon present at the Council of Con- stantinople, 381; Epaphroditus at the Council of Chaleedon, 451 ; Nicetas in 1210. The see was sup- pressed by the Latins in 1222, and never re-established.

Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Geog.. s. v.: Hackett, A History of the Orthodox Church of Cyprus (London, 1901), 240 sq., 313; Le Qdien, Oriens christ., II, 1059; MCller, ed. Didot, Notes on Ptolemy, I, 9.'j9; Delehaye in Analecta Bollandiana, XXVI (Brussela, 1907), 237.

S. P^TRIDfcs.

Tamaulipas, Diocese of (Civitatis Viotori.i3 sivK Tamavlipensis), in the Mexican Republic, suffragan of Linares. Its area is that of the state of the same name, 31,758 sq. miles, besides two parishes in the northern part of the St.ate of Vera Cruz; it has a population of 249,253 (Census of 1910). The

residence of the bishop and governor is in Ciudad Victoria, 2467 feet above sea level, which has apopula- tionof 17,861 inhabitants (1910). Father Andre Ohnos, who was the first to preach the Gospel in the region now known as the above bishopric, came from Burgos, Spain, in 1528, and worked until 1571, when he died at Tampico, beloved by all. In 1530 the Franciscan Fathers founded the Guardianship of San Salvador, which comprised twelve convents, and were almost all situated in the territory now known as the State of Tamaulipas; a few of these convents, however, were situated outside of this territory, for instance, that of Ozuloama, which is now a parish, and which, al- though situated in the State of Vera Cruz, belongs to the Bishopric of TamauUpas. In 1748 the Fathers of the Apostolic College of Nuestra Seiiora de Guada- lupe de Zacatecas took charge of the missions; these were placed in the hands of the Fathers of the Province of Santo Evangelio de Mexico in 1768. This see was plaimed as early as 1722. In 1860 Pius IX made a vicariate Apostolic of the territory, and in 1869 the pope's Bidl "Apostolicum in Uni- versas Orbis Ecclesias" raised it to the rank of a bishopric, naming Ciudad Victoria as its episcopal see, and making it suffragan of Mexico. When the new Archbishopric of Linares (or Monterey) was created in 1891 it became part of it, and so remains to this day.

There are no seminaries in this bishopric, priests and rectors being furnished by the Diocese of Zamora and others. It is credited, however, with 3 parochial schools, and 6 Catholic colleges with 700 students; there are 10 Protestant colleges, numbering about 500 students, and 14 Protestant churches. The episcopal city of Ciudad Victoria was founded in 1750 under the name of Santa Maria del Refugio de Aguayo, and has been known by its present name only since 1825.

Vera, Catecismo geogrdfico histdrico, y estadistico de la Iglesia viexicana (Amecameca, 1881).

C.\MILL1TS CrIVELLI.

Tamburini, Michelangelo, fourteenth General of the Society of Jestis, b. at Modena, 27 Sept., 1648; d. 28 Feb., 1730. After having taught Scholastic philosophy and theology for twehe years, he was suc- cessively made rector of several colleges, was chosen by Cardinal Reynold of Este as his private theologian, held the offices of secrctan,- general and vicar to Thyrsus Gonzalez, and finally, on the latter's death, was elected general on 3 Jan., 1706, a post which he occupied till his death. The reputation for solid virtue, patience, and courage, which he had acquired in the different grades of his order, was by no means dimmed in the long years of his generalate. During Tamburini's superiorship, the apostolic activity of the Society was at its best; but, at the same time, could be seen signs of the storm which w'as, half a century later, to annihilate it. The Reductions of Paraguay were beginning to bear fruit; missionaries were laying down their lives for the pest-stricken in the Levant or were pushing into the steppes of Tibet amid untold hardships. Peter the Great, desirous of giving his barbarous subjects the benefits of true religion and genuine civilization, admitted the Jesuits into Russia. Jansenism, the Society's bit- terest foe, received its death-blow in 1708 by a Bidl of Clement XI ordering the suppression of Port- Royal. Three Jesuits, Tolomei, Cienfucgos, and Salerno, were, in short succession, raised to the dig- nity of the cardinalate. John Francis Regis w!is beatified, .\loysius of Gonzaga and Stanislaus Kostka were gi\en tlic lionours of the altar. At the same time, futtire s;iints (St. Francis de Ilieronymo and Bl. Anthony H.'il(lin\icci in Italy, Emmanuel Padial in Spain) were labouring with extraordinary success for the salvation of souls. But at this period, too, the debate over the Chinese Rites was at its height.