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 SZEKES-FEHERVAR

421

SZYMONOWICZ

Coadjutor Right Rev. Piorie-Muric Fayollc, conse- crated titular Bishop of Lampas in 1909. In 1910 the mission of Kien-Chang was separated from Southern Sze-ch'wan and Father J.-B.-Marie de Gu^briant elected bishop and first vicar Apostohc. As this mis- sion has been newly formed, it has been impossible to get any information about the number of the Christians." In 1SS9 the mission numbered : 1 bishop, 26 missionaries, 9 native priests, 50 catechists, 38 churches and chapels, 1 seminary with 31 students, 68 schools with 1265 pupils, 18,000 Catholics. In 1910 there were 2 bishops, 40 missionaries, 15 native priests, 98 catechists, 2 seminaries with 115 students, 284 schools with 5765 pupils, 6 orphanages with 153 or- phans, 104 churches or chapels, 30,618 Catholics. Comptc rendu dc la socicte des missions-elraTigires, 1910.

V. H. MONTANAK.

Szekes-Fehervar. See Stubtlweissenburg, Dio- cese OF.

Szentivanyi, Martin, b. at Szentivdn, Hungary, 20 October, 1633; d. at Nagy-SzorabAt (Tymau), 5 March, 1708. He entered the Society of Jesusin 1653, and w;is professor of Scripture for five years at Vienna and Nagy-Szombat, professor of mathematics and philosoi)hv for nine years, and professor of canon law and theologv for "seven years. For twelve years he filled the office of chancellor of the University of Nagy-Szombat, and in addition was for nine successive years governor of the Pasmaneum in Vienna and of the academy at Nagy-SzombAt. His numerous writ- ings appeared in Hungarian, Latin, German, and Slovak, and some were translated into French. The most important are: "Curiosiora et selectiora variarum scientiarum miscellanea in tres partes divisa" (Tvrnau, 1689); " Dissertationes septem, etc." (TjTiiau, 1689); " Rectus modus interpretandi scripturam sacram" (Tyrnau, 1696); "Summarium chronologia; Hungariie" (TjTnau, 1697); "Hungariain immaculatam conceptionem b. Mariae virginis magna? domina> sua' credens et iuvans" (TjTnau, 1701) ; " Doc- trina fidei chri.stianse" (Louvain, 1708); "Luther- anicum nuntiuam et nusquam" (Tyrnau, 1702); "Relatio status futurx vit.-r" (Tyrnau, 1699) ; "Dis- sertationes hieresiologico-ijolcmica! de ha^resiarchis, ha^resibus, et erroribus in fide, dogmatibus, hoc sajculo nostro (Tyrnau, 1701); "Solutiones cathohca?, etc." (Tyrnau, 1701); " Quinquaginta rationes et motiva cur in tanta varietate religionum et confessionum fidei in christianitate moderno tempore vigentium, sola religio Roniano-catholica sit eligenda et omnibus aliis prefcrenda" (TjTnau, 1701; German and Hun- garian, Tyrnau, 1702).

SziVNTEi. Magyar Irdk (Hung.arian Authors), XIII, 741-45, contains a complete list of hia works and bibliography.

A. AldXsy.

Szeny. See Zengg-Modrus, Diocese op.

Szepes. See Zips, Diocese of.

Szerem. See Sirmium, Diocese op.

Szombathely. See Steinamanger, Diocese of.

Szujski, Joseph, b. at Tarnow, 1835; d. at Cracow, 1883. He studied at Tarnow, then at Cracow (1854) and at Vienna (1858-9). He began his career as a poet, and continued to write verses till the end of his brief and fruitful life. Apart from many short lyrical poems, his first attempts were dramatic: "Samuel Zborowski". "Halszka of Ostrog", and a translation of the " .\gamemnon " of .'E.schylus. Before his mar- riage (1861) he ha<l also published his "Portraits, not by Van Dyck", in which various types of Poles are characterized perhaps too roughly, but with acumen, often with accuracy. He began working at a manual of Polish history, publishing two volumes in 1862, but was presently con\inccd of the necessity of independent research, of which volumes

three and four (1864-6) give good evidence. The calamitous insurrection of 1863 was a terrible blow to Szujski's buoyant hopes for Poland's future, and he resolved to devote his whole life to seeking the causes of his beloved country's misfortunes, with a view to her regeneration. At the time that he was pubUshing the poems: "The Servant of the Tombs", "The Defence of Czestochowa", and the dramas, "George Lubomirski" and "Wallas", he placed him- self in the front rank of Polish historians by his work, "Some Truths of our History" (1865). "No ration", he said, "can fall save through her own fault, nor rise again, save by her own intelligent labour and spiritual activity"; and he most cour- ageously indicated all Poland's faults, not however omitting the means of reformation. He founded the "Pohsh Review" (1866), and the next year brought out "Hedwige" and "Twardowski", both dramas. When the use of the national language was restored in Cracow University, Szujski was named (1869) professor of PoUsh history; later, he was chosen rector. As early as 1872, he was the life and the mov- ing spirit of the Academy of Sciences at Cracow in his capacity of secretary. About that time, for his researches were not confined to Poland, he pubhshed a sketch of the literary history of the non- Christian world; studies on Marcus Aurelius and on Lucian; translations from ^schylus and Aristophanes; "Maryna Mnischowna", and "The Death of Ladis- laus IV", dramas of his own, together with several other works. After his rectorate (1879) Szujski was made a peer. But his health, which had always been precarious, now failed completely, and con- sumption set in. He continued to work, however, till he could work no more.

As a historian, Szujski ranks with Kalinka. He united the most ardent patriotism with a supreme love for truth and a remarkable comprehension of political situations and the characters of those who played their parts in them; consequently no one could explain so well as he the sequence of events and the causes which, for good or evil, influenced the na- tion. His history, first sketched in four volumes, from the sixteenth century on, was supplemented by three other volumes, entitled "Relations and Re- searches"; the most admirable parts being those deahng with the Renaissance and the Reformation. It has been said of him that "the historian killed the poet"; and indeed his attempts to force into his historical dramas every incident relative to their times in many cases impede their proper develop- ment; but he allowed history to dominate his art through a feeling of duty to his country. The lessons which he foinid in the annals of the nation he sought to reproduce upon the stage. He was himself well aware of his shortcomings, and believed his plays destined merely to pave the way for a simpler ex- pression of patriotic feeling, without morbid sen- timentality. Though sometimes lacking in style, due to the great amount of work which he undertook, Szujski was a great historian, a poet of high ideals and aspirations, and one to whom the Polish nation of the present day owes much.

Smolka, Joseph Szujski (Cranow, 1883) ; German. O dramalach Szujukicgo (Cracow, 1887); Tarnowski, Szujxki jakn jiorla (Cracow, 1901). Also the histories of Polish literature by Bruck- ner, Tarnowski, and others.

St. Tarnowski.

Szymonowlcz, Simon, known also by the Latin name of Simonides, b. at I^emberg, 1.5.58; d. 1629. He studied first at Lomberg, afterwards in the Cracow Academy, and then abroad in the Nether- lands and in France. On his return, he became a pri- vate tutor; among other young men, he taught Sobieski's father and the son of John Zolkiewski, who took Moscow. He enjoyed intimate relations with the famous John Zamoyski, whose son he