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SYDNEY

its priests in the ranks of the secular clergy. The religious orders of men are at present represented by the Marist Fathers, who entered on their missionary work in 1837, the Jesuits, Franciscans, Missionaries of the Sacred Heart, Vincentians, Passionists, Mission- aries of the Divine Word, and Capuchins. In 1S8.3 the members of the rehgious orders numbered 41 ; at present they are 79. The Irish Congregation of Sis- ters of Charity was the first of the orders of nuns to arrive (1 January, 1839) in Australia. For some years their special care was devoted to the female convicts. Later they engaged in the work of education, took charge of St. Vincent's Hospital, the first Catholic hospital in Australia, and vLsited the prisons. The congregation now numbers in Australia 320 nims (in Sydney 235). The Benedictine Nuns arrived in Syd- ney in 1849, and at their monastery of Subiaco devote themselves to the higher branches of education. The Good Samaritans, a purely Australian order instituted in Sydney in 1857, are spread through other dioceses, and number in Sydney 220. The Sisters of St. Joseph are also an Austrahan institute spread tlirough several

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dioceses, numbering in Sydney 255. Other religious orders of nuns are the Sisters of Mercy, Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Poor Clares, Carmelites, Nursing Sisters of the Little Company of Mary, Little Sisters of the Poor, Sisters of St. Brigid, Dominican Nuns, Institute of the Blessed Virgin of Loreto, Sis- ters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, and Marists. At the close of Archbishop Vaughan's episcopate the number of nuns in the diocese was 252; at present (1911) they number 14(K). St. John's college is asso- ciated with the Sydney University. The Jesuits have the flourishing College of St. Ignatius at Riverview, and the High School of St. Aloysius at Milson's Point. The Marist Brothers have a novitiate besides the Col- lege of St. Joseph, the High School at Darlinghurst, and several parochial schools. The Christian Broth- ers from Ireland were the first teaching religious order to come to Australia. Three Brothers accompanied Dr. Folding to Sydney in 1843, and within a few months they had three schools; sufficient means for their support were larking and the\- returned to Ire- land in 1844. They retiu-ned to Sydney in 1887, and have now a novitiate, two flourishing high schools, and eight parochial schools. The Patrician Brothers have also a flourishing college and some parochial schools. The total number of teaching Brothers at

the close of Dr. Vaughan's episcopate was 78; they now number 220.

In 18S3 there were 10,936 children in the schools of the diocese; there are at present 25,000. Official returns published last year (1910) in connexion with the cardinal's silver jubilee set forth that during those twenty-five years of his administration 160 churches had been erected or enlarged and about as many schools; 45 presbyteries had been provided, and 34 new parochial districts organized. In 1885 there was only one CathoUc orphanage and that was maintained by the Government. In 1888 the gov- ernment aid was withdrawn and the orphanage supjjressed. Since then 9 orphanages have been estab- lished and 2 Catholic industrial schools. In 1885 there was only one Catholic hospital, St. Vincent's; it has since then been considerably enlarged, and five other hospitals have been built. A Home for the Aged Poor has also been estabhshed, and several other charitable institutions.

In 1911 the Archdiocese of Svdnev contained: 175,000 Catholics; churches, 189; districts, 75; priests, secular, 120, regular, 79; religious men, 220, women, 1374; seminaries, 3; colleges, 7; boarding schools (girls) 25; superior day schools (boys), 4; (girls), 47; primary schools, 250; poor schools, 2; night schools (girls), 2; (boys), 1; orphanages, 7; industrial schools, 3; total number of pupils in Catholic schools, 25,000; hospitals, 8; Hospice for the Dying, 1; Found- ling Ho,spital, 1 ; Home for the Aged Poor, 1 ; Home for the Blind, 1: Magdalen Retreats, 2; Servants' Home, 1; Home for Mental Invalids, 1; St. Charles' Villa for Aged and Infirm Priests, 1.

P.^TRicK Francis Cardinal Mor.^n, third Arch- bishop of Sydney, b. at Leighlinbridge, Ireland, 16 Sept., 1830; d. at'Manly, Sydney, 16 Aug., 1911. He was the only son of Patrick Moran and Alice CuUen, sister of Cardinal Cullen. Of his three sisters two became nuns, one of them offered her life to God for the cholera patients whom she nursed, and died the last victim of the plague in Ireland. Both his parents rlied before his eleventh year. He left Ireland in 1842 to pursue his studies in Rome. His "Acta PubUca" in universal theology was so masterly as to gain for him the doctorate by acclamation. Among the prin- cipal objectors was Cardinal Joachim Pecci, after- wards Leo XIII, who was impressed by the genius of this Irish student. He was appointed vice-rector of the Irish College, and also filled the chair of Hebrew at Propaganda, and was some time vice-rector of the Scots College. In 1886 he was appointed secretary to Cardinal Cullen and profes.sor of Scripture at Clon- liffe College. He founded the "Irish Ecclesiastical Record". In 1869 he accompanied Cardinal Cullen to the Vatican Council, and was appointed procurator for one of the absent bishops.

Selected as coadjutor Bishop of Ossory, he was con- secrated Bishop of Olba. The diocese was distracted by dissensions between the infirm bishop, Dr. Walsh, and some of his priests and people. Dr. Moran ruled with a firm yet benign hand, and his episcopate was fruitful of much spiritual and temporal advancement in the diocese. He estabhshed many religious insti- tutions. At Callan was founded the convent of St. Brigid's Apostolic School, which has blessed with the missionary spirit so many distant lands. He intro- duced the Sisters of Mercy also into the Irish work- houses, and transformed those dens of misery into homes for the indigent and poor. He established industrial schools for boys and girls, under the guid- ance of the Sisters of Charity, and was the pioneer in that grand network of child industrial training which has since become the pride of Ireland. He completed the chancel of and adorned the Kilkenny Cathedral, added a new wing to St. Kiernan's College, and founded the public library and archaeological society. He always defended the rights of the people and cham-