Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 14.djvu/395

 SUSA

345

SUSPENSION

rated in the Book of Esther. The ruins of the acropo- lis, covering about 300 acres, have been explored by Williams and Loftus, and more thoroughly by Dieula- foy and de Morgan. The excavations have yielded some important finds, among others the code of Hammurabi.

Lorrrs. Chaldcea ami Susiana (London. 1857), 344 sqq.; DlEU- HFOY. In Perse, la Chaldee. el la Susiane (Paris, 1887); Idem, LWcropok de Suse (Paris. 189,3); J.\ne Diecufot, A Suse: Journal des FouUles (Paris, 1888); de Morhan. DeUgalion en Perse (Paris, 1899 — ); Bili-erbeck, Susa (Leipzig. 1893).

F. Bechtel.

Susa (Segusin), Diocese of (Segusienbis), in the Pro\'ince of Turin, Piedmont, Northern Italy. The city is situated at an elevation of about 1600 feet above sea-level, in a wide valley to the right of

the Dora Riparia; near by are some valuable marble quarries {vcrde di Susa), The cathedral, dedicated to St. Justus and founded by Ulderico Manfre.li, (1029) contains much of interest: specimens of very fine inlaid work in the ('hoir stalls; the baptismal font and the bronze group of the "Madonna del Roccia Melone" (Madonna with the Child, St. George tr,ansfixing the dragon, and a knight on bended knee); in a chapel may be seen the tomb of the Countess Adelaide, with her statue in wood, an ex- cellent example of eleventh-century work. In an- cient times the city was called .Segusio, and in the days of .\ugustus it still had a king, who held sway over fourteen other towns. This king submitted volun- tarily to the Romans and erected, in honour of Au- gustus, a Irimnphal ;irch, which still exists. Under Ss'ero the kingdom \v;is abolished ;md became a muni- cipiuni. In addition to the arch, there still e.xist the ruins of the Therma' Gratianje constructed by Valentinian I. Susa being situated near one of the principal Alpine \alleys was always a place of great strategic import;ince. Constantine destroyed it while advancing .again.st Maxentius; after the Lango- bard invasion, the Byzantine garrison remained there till .503. Later it came into po.ssession of the Fr.anks. It was captured twice by Pepin and once by Charle- magne (774), who by a skilful mancEuvre compelled

the Lombards to fall back on Pavia. From that time it formed part of the Kingdom of Italy. In 942 it became the residence of Ardoino Glabrio, Count of Susa and later Marquis of Turin, who was succeeded by Manfredo (975), Olderico (1001), and Adelaide (1034). The latter having married Odo of Savoy in her third marriage, Susa passed into the power of Savoy. In the twelfth century it acquired communal liberty; though destroyed (1174) by Barbarossa, it soon rose again, and in 1197 had already adopted new statutes. In the wars of the thir- teenth century it sided with the Guelphs, and was a subject of dispute between the marciuises of Saluzzo and the counts of Savoy; it was definitely given to the latter in 1295. Later during the wars of the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries it fell on five oc- casions into the hands of the French (1536-62; 1628-31; 1639-42; 1704-7; 1798-1S14); in 1798 the fortifications constructed by the dukes of Savoy were dismantled.

In early days, Susa seems to have belonged to the Diocese of Maurienne. The Abbey of St. Justus having been erected in 1029, the abbot had quasi- epi.seopal jurisdiction. The Benedic'lincs succeeded the Canons Regular, and under Benedict XIV were replaced by secular canons. In 1772 this prelacy nuUius became a diocese, and the territory of the famous Abbey of Novalesa was added to that of Susa. The first bishop was Francesco M. Ferraris. Napoleon supjire.ssed the see in 1803, but it was re- stored in 1S17, and its territory incrca-sed by the in- clusion of the Abbey S. Michele della Chiusa. The diocese, suffragan of Turin, contains 61 parishes with 75,000 inhabitants, and 130 seculai- and regular priests; 5 religious houses of men and 7 of women; 3 institutes for boys and 3 for girls.

C.^ppelletti, Le Chiese d'ltalia; Sachetti. Memorie delta Chiesa di Susa (Turin, 1786); Genui, /( marche.ialo di Stisa (1 sni) ; Bacco, Cenni storici su Aingliana e Susa (Susa, 1881).

U. Benigni.

Susanna, Saint. See Tiburtius and Susanna, Saints. Susanna. See Daniel, Book of. Suso, Henry. See Henry Suso, Blessed.

Suspension, in canon law, is usually defined as a censure by which a cleric is deprived, entirely or par- tially, of the use of the power of orders, office, or benefice. .Although ordinarily called a censure be- cause it is generally a medicinal punishment inflicted after admonitions and intended to amend the delin- quent, yet it is not nece-ssarily so for it is occasionally employed .as a cha.stisement for past offences. As early as the time of St. Cyprian (d. 258), we read of clerics deprived of the income of their charges and also of suspension from the determined func- tions for which one had been ordained. We know also that clerics were somelimes temporarily de- prived of Communion (Can. .\posl., 45; Cone. Illib., c. 21). The Council of Neoc;es:irca (Can. 1) in 315 decrees perpetual suspension from all functions for certain misdemeanours, while the Fourth Council of Carthage (can. 68), by forbidding a delinquent bishop to ordain, gives an example of partial suspension. .Vgain, the Third Council of Orleans (can. 19) in .538 decrees suspension from orders but not from stipend, and the Council of Narboiuie (can. 11) suspends certain clerics from receiving the fruits of their bene- fices.

When a suspension is t«tal, a cleric is deprived of the exercise of every function and of every ecclesias- tical right. When it is parti.al, it m.ay be only from the exercise of one's sacred orders, or from his office which includes deprivation of the use of orders and jurisdiction, or from his benefice which deprives him of both administration an<l income. When a sus- pension is decreed absolutely and without limitation,