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 SUPPRESSION

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SUPREMI

Church at Ephesus, he would have said so expressly. Others accept the apparent statement of St. John that the Last Supper was on the 13th of Nisan and try to reconcile the account of the Synoptics. To this class belong Paul of Burgos, Maldonatus, Petau, Hardouin, Tillemont, and others. Peter of Alexan- dria (P. G., XCII, 78) says: "In previous years Jesus had kept the Passover and eaten the paschal lamb, but on the day before He suffered as the true Paschal Lamb He taught His disciples the mystery of the type." Others say: Since the Pasch, falling that year on a Friday, was reckoned as a Sabbath, the Jews, to avoid the inconvenience of two successive Sabbaths, had postponed the Passover for a day, and Jesus adhered to the day fixed by law; others think that Jesus anticipated the celebration, knowing that at the proper time Ho would be in the grave. PlaCiS. — The owner of the house in which was the

at Florence, and a mosaic in S. .\pollinare Nuovo at Ravenna. One of the most popular pictures is that of Leonardo da Vinci in Santa NIaria delle Grazie, Milan. Among the modern school of Ger- maii artists, the Last Supper of Gebhardt is regarded as a masterpiece.

FoDARD. The Christ, the Son of God, tr. Griffith, II (London, 1S95), 386; Madame Cecilia, Cath. Scriplure Manuals: Si. Matthew, 11. 197; The Expository Times, XX (Edinburgh, 1909), .il4; Theolog. praktische Quartalschrift (1S77), 425; Lanqen, Die letzten Lebenstage Jesu (Freiburg, 1864), 27; Kraus, Gesch. der chr. Kunst, a. v. Abendmahl: Stimmen aus Maria Loach, XLIX, 146; CHWOLaON in Mem. de I'Acad. impSr. des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 7th ser.. XLI, p. 37; ViGOUROUx. Diet, de la Bible (Paris, 1899), a. vv. Cine: Cenacle, where a full bibliography may be found.

Francis Meeshman.

Suppression of Monasteries. See Monasteries,

Suppression of.

Supralapsarianism.

See Calvinism; Infra-

Interior OF THE ChURCB OF SlON, NOW A MoSQUE

Occup>nng the Traditional Site of the House in Jerusalem in

which the I ast Supper was held

upper room of the Last Supper is not mentioned in Scripture; but he must have been one of the disciples, since Christ bids Peter and John say, "The Master says". Some say it was Nicodemus, or Joseph of Arimathea, or the mother of John Mark. The hall was large and furnished as a dining-room. In it Christ showed Himself after His Resurrection; here took place the election of Matthias to the Apostolate and the sending of the Holy Ghost; here the first Christians assembled for the breaking of bread; hither Peter and John came when they had given testimony after the cure of the man born lame, and Peter after his liberation from prison; here perhaps was the council of the Apostles held. It was for a while the only church in Jerusalem, the mother of all churches, known as the Church of the Apostles, or of Sion, It was visited in 404 by St. Paula of Rome. In the eleventh century it was destroyed by the Saracens, later rebuilt and given to the care of the Augustinians. Restored after a second destruction, it was placed in charge of the Franciscans, who were driven out in 1561. At present it is a Mohammedan mosque.

Sequence of Events. — Some critics give the fol- lowing harmonized order: washing of the feet of the Apostles, prediction of the betrayal and departure of Judas, institution of the Holy Eucharist. Others, believing that Judas made a sacrilegious communion, place the institution of the sacrament before the departure of Judas.

In Art. — The Last Supper has been a favourite subject. In the catacombs we find representations of meals giving at least an idea of the surroundings of an ancient dining hall. Of the sixtli century we have a b.is-relief in the church at Monza in Italy, a picture in a Syrian codex of the Laurentian Library

Supremacy, Act of. See England; Oaths, English Post-Reformation.

Supremi disciplinae, Motu Proprio of Pius X,

piiiiuiil;; it( (1 2 July, I'Jll, relating to Holy Days of III hi; itKjn On Holy Days of precept a twofold li il\ i> incumbent on the faithful, of hearing Mass and (il ibbtaimng from servile work. Owing particularly tu the high cost of living and to the necessity of ear- ing in due season for crops, fruits, etc., the discipline of the Church has tended to lessen the number of Holj Days m certain countries. Pius X deemed it ad- \ isable to extend this policj' to the LTniversal Church, thus effecting greater uniformity. Aside, then, from all Sundajs, the obligation of hearing Mass and ab- st uning from servile work is now confined to eight d i\s Chiibtmas, New Year's Day or the feast of the Ciicumcision, Epiphany (6 Jan.), the Ascension of Our Lord, the Immaculate Conception (8 Dec), the .Assumption of the Blessed Virgin (15 Aug.), the feast of Sts. Peter and Paul (29 June), and, finally, the feast of All Saints (1 Nov.). Where, however, any of the above feasts has been abolished or trans- ferred, the new legislation is not effective. In the Unitecl States consequently the Epiphany and the feast of Sts. Peter and Paul are not days of precept (see Third Plenary Council of Baltimore, tit. Ill, c. ii and p. cv). Feasts of patrons are no longer Holy Days of obligation. Bishops may, if they choose, transfer the celebration of these patronal feasts to the following Sunday in accordance with liturgical laws. If it is desired in certain countries or dioceses to retain as days of precept one or other feast abrogated by the Constitution "Supremi disciplinae", permission must be obtained from the Holy See.

There is no longer any obligation, as formerly in many countries, of a.ssisting at the Holy Sacrifice or abstaining from servile work on the feast of St. Joseph (19 March), the Nativity of St. John the Baptist (24 June), or Corpus Christi. According to the present Motu Proprio the feast of St. Joseph, with an octave, is to be celebrated on the Sunday following 19 March, unless that date fall on Sunday; the Nativity of St. John the Baptist on the Sunday preceding the fejist of Sts. Peter and Paul (29 June); Corpus Christi on the first Sunday after Trinity Sunday. Scarcely, however, was the "Supremi dis- ciplina;" promulgated, when (S. R. C, 24 July) it was modified as follows : The solemn commemoration of St. Joseph without an octave remains on 19 March. The feast of the Patronage of St. Joseph, however, on the third Sundav after Easter is rai.-iod to a double of tlie first chiss, a primarv l"e:ist with an octave. Likewi.se the fea.st of Corpus Christi with its privi- leged octavo is observed lus formerly on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday, but the solemnity of the feast