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SUGAR

ties necessary for the government of his diocese, such as other resident bishops have, with the following restrictions: (5) the auxiliarj" governs the diocese in the name and place of the cardinal; (6) with the death or transfer of the latter the jurisdiction of the auxihary does not cease, lie continues to rule the dio- cese as administrator Apostolic; (71 he must make an annual report to the cardinal on the moral and eco- nomic condition of the diocese; (8) where possible, a part of the episcopal palace shall be set aside for the FufTragan and the Curia; (9) the blessing of the holy oils, the pontifical celebrations on the greater feasts of the year in accordance with the " Ca'remoniale " of the liishops, is reserved to the cardinal, who may, how- ever, delegate the auxiliary; (10) the obligation of celebrating Mass for the people is imposed on the cardinal, who (11) has the right of having his coat-of- arms on the palace, the cathedral, and other customary places; (12) the episcopal throne is reserved to the cardinal whose name alone is mentioned in the canon; (13) the cardinal, even when absent from the diocese, can grant an indulgence of 200 days; (14) if the cardinal is in the diocese he alone may officiate, or grant permission to officiate, pontifically; (15) the auxiliarj' may not grant benefices in the chapter and parishes not reserved to the Holy See without the consent of the cardinal; (16) the cardinal may per- sonally supervise and visit the diocese; (17) the car- dinal retains the right of assisting at marriages and of administering the other sacraments. The auxiliary is charged specially with examining candidates for ton- sure and the other orders; but he maj' not confer or authorize the conferring of orders without the permis- sion of the cardinal; (18) the diocesan synod is to be held with the consent and in the name of the cardinal, who .alone has the right of approving and promulgat- ing its decrees; (19) uniting or dividing benefices, e\"en parochial, requires the consent of the cardinal, who (20) is to be consulted on appointments to offices and chairs in the seminarj-; (21) after the death or transfer of the suffragan, the cardinal through his vicar general shall provide for the government of the diocese till the api>ointmpnt of a new suffragan; (22) when a cardinal-bishoj) dies the same ceremonies shall take place as are customarj' on the deaths of resident cardinal-bishops.

ASDREUCCI, HxeraTchia eccL, I. tr. iii: Philups, Kirchenrecht, VI (Ratisbon, 1864), 145-220; Ferraris, Prompta bibt.. s. v. cardinalis; Acta Aposl. Sedis (1910), fasc. 7, 279 sqq.

U. Benigni.

Succession, Apostolic. See Apostolic Succes- sion.

Sudan, \'ic.\riate Apostolic of. — The Vicariate of Sudan or Central-.Africa (Sudanensis seu Afric.e Centralis), in Xorlli-lvistern Africa, includes the whole Anglo-Ep>i)tian Sudan, the part of Egypt south of .\ssuan, the French territory from Fezzan to 10 N. lat., parts of .Vdamaua and Sokoto on Lake Tchad, and the Nile Province of Uganda Protector- ate. It was erected on .3 April, 1846, by Gregory XVI. In 1851 the Emperor Francis Joseph I of Austria took the mission under his protection. From 188.3 to 1898 the Sudan (then an Eg>'ptian province) was closed by the insurrection of the ^Iahdi Moham- med Ahmed and his succes.sor Khahfa .\bdullahi, and the missionaries were compelled to work outside the circuit of their jurisdiction in Eg^iit. On 2 .Se])t., 1898, the .\nglo-Egyptian army, which in 1896 had begun operations for the recovery of tlie lost provinces, completed the overthrow of the Khalifa, although he was not slain until November of the follmving year. The country still suffers from the effects of the Dervish oppression, dviring which it was largely depoiJiilated, wide tracts having gone out of cultivation and trade having been abandoned. In 1899 mission work was recommenced. The two reHgious congregations, the Sous of the Sacred Heart and the Pious Mothers of

Nigritia furnish missionaries and sisters to the vicari- ate, and the two periodical papers "La Nigrizia" (Verona) and "Stern der Neger" (Brixen) print articles about this mission. The number of inhabi- tants is uncertain, perhaps about eight milhons. Missionary work is hmited to the southern and heathen part with the Shillouki Dinka, Nuer, Jur, Ciolo, Nyam-Nyam, and other negro tribes. In the nortlierii and Mohaiimiedan ])art are some I']uro]iean and (liicntal Catholic iiiiiiiigrants. Statistics: — sta- tions at .\ssiian, (>mdurinan, Khartoum (central sta- tion); Lul and Atigo (White Nile); Wau, Kayango, and Cleveland (Bahrel-Ghazal) ; Omach .and Ciulu (Uganda) ; besides twenty-five localities provided cxcurrcndo. Catholics, 3000; catechumens, 1030; priests, 35; brothers, 28; sisters, 45. Vicar Apostolic, Francis Xavier Geyer, Bishop of Trocmade.

Francis Xavier Geyer.

Sufetula, a titular see of North Africa. Sufetula seems to be Suthul where Jugurtha had deposited his treasures (Sallust, xxxvi). The Latin name is a diminutiv'e of Sufes (Shiba), the name of a small towii 25 miles furtlu-r north, from which many roads branched out to ncinhliourint; towns. It became a Roman colony. In 647 it was the capital of the Byzantine patrician, Gregory, who had declared himself independent and was killed in a great battle with the Arabs fought near the town, which was stormed, pillaged, and cnielly laid waste. The "Roman Martyrology" mentions on 30 August the martyrs of Sufetula, who seem to belong rather to Sufes (St. Augustine, "Letters", 50). At an unknown date a council was held at Sufetula, one of its canons being still preserved (Hardouin, I, 1512). Onlj' three bishops of this see are known: Privatian, present at the Council of Carthage, 255; Juciindus, at the Councils of Carthage, 411 and 419; St. Pra;sidius, exiled in 484 by Huneric after ha\-ing been scourged, mentioned in the "Roman Martyrol- ogy" on 6 September. Sufetula is called Sbcitha in Arabic; it is a village on the road from Tebessa to Kairwan about 70 miles east of Tebessa (Tunisia). It has important Roman ruins: three temples, a triumphal arch, a theatre, and an amphitheatre, etc.; worthy of note are the ruins of four three-naved churches, Byzantine fortifications, and numerous fragments of Christian sculpture.

Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Geog., s. v.; Toulottb, Geog. He V Afrique chretienne: Byzaeine et Tripotitaine (Montreuil, 1S94), 176-80; Diehl, L' Afrique byzanline (Paris, 1896), passim.

S. PfiTRIDES.

Su&ragan. See Archbishop.

Sugar (SuKER), John, Venerable, b. at Wom- bourn, Staffordshire, 1558; suffered at Warwick, 16 July, 1604. He matriculated at Oxford from St. Mary'lLall, 30 October, l.')S4, and is described as clcrici jiliun. He left without taking a degree, it is said because he disliked the Oath of Supremacy; hut it appears that he acted as a Protestant minister at Cannock, Staffordshire, for some time. He was or- d.ained priest from the Engli.sh College, Douai (1601), and sent on the mission the same year. He was ar- rested 8 July, 1603, at Rowington, W:irwickshire, with Venenilile Robert Gre.swold ((irissold;. a native of Rowingldii (in the .service of Mr. Sheldon of Broad- way, \\ incest ershire), who w;us in attendance on him. After a year's imprisonment at Warwick they were condemned there 14 .luly, .Sugar for being a priest, and Greswold for assisting him. Sugar was cut down before he was fully dead. Greswold was offered his life if he would promi.se to conform.

Chai.U)NEB, Missionary Priesl.i, II. nos. 1.3.'). 136; Foster, Alumni Oioniemes (Oxford, 1892); Kno.v. Duuay Diaries (Lon- don, 1878), 17, 32; Pollen, Arls ufthe English Martyrs (London. 1891), 321.

John B, Wainewright.