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 STATTLER

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STAUDENMAIER

7J millions not classified are individuals without any religious denomination and, still more, those whose creeds could not be ascertained.

Stein, Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik (4th ed., 1819) ; Balbi, Abregi de Geographie (3rd ed., Paris, 1S44) ; Kolb, Hand- buch der vergl. Statistik (1857); Fournier de Flaix, Memoire sur la statistique des religions in Bulletin de VInstitut International de Statistique, IV (Rome, 1889); Pieper, Kirchl. Statistik Deutsch- /ands (1899) : Zellek. Verqleichende Religionsstatistik in Warnecks AllgemeinerMi:':"'>-/^'i-'ri/l (1903) ; Krose, Die Verbreitung der wichtigsten /?. / ' - ■ ■ '.u.^se rur Zeit der Jahrhundertwende

in Stimmen n^ W / ', LXV (1903); Idem, Konfessions-

slatistik Deiilt< '. - 1 "i i, , Missiones Catholicm (Rome, 1907) ; Krose, Kalh. Mt^^„,uaiUaiUi.k (1908); Idem, Kirchl. Handbuch. I-III (1908-11); Die Kath. Missionen (1908-09, 1909-10); Statesman's Year Book (London, 1909) ; Schneider, Kirchl. Jahrbuch (36th ed., 1909); Jubaschek, Geogr. Statist. Tabellen (1909); Gothaischer Genealogischer Hofkalender (1910), 147; Annuario Ecclesiastico (Rome, 1910); Annuaire Pontifical Catho- lique (Paris, 1910): Harris, The Jewish Year Book (London, 1910) ; Warneck. Abriss einer Gesch. der protestant. Missionen (9th ed. 1910); The Official Catholic Directory (Milwaukee and New York, 1910).

H. A. Krose.

Stattler, Benedict, Jesuit theologian, b. at Kotzting, Bavaria (Diocese of Ratisbon), 30 Jan., 1728; d. at Munich, 21 Aug., 1797. He entered the Jesuit novitiate at Landsberg in 1745 and, after the usual studies, taught philosophy and theology in Solothurn (Switzerland), Innsbruck, and Ingolstadt. In the last-named place he continued to occupy the chair of theology even after the suppression of the Society. In 17.S3, when all former Jesuits were ex- cluded from the office of teaching, he took charge of the parish of Kemnath, but soon exchanged this post for that of ecclesiastical adviser and member of the electoral committee on censures in Munich. After four years his health compelled him to resign this office, and he lived thereafter in retirement till his death. A man of keen intellectual vision and an unlimited capacity for work, Stattler was ever ready to guard and defend Catholic principles. Shortly after Adam Wcisluiuiit had founded the secret society of the Illuminati. I^tattli-r, in an aiuinynious work, laid bare the rationalistic ideas and the pernicious designs of these foi erunners of freemasonry. Kant's ' ' Critique of Pure Reason" appeared in its first edition in 1781; in 1788 Stattler launched against its subversive prin- ciples his "Anti-Kant", and .skilfully parried the attack which his book provoked in the literary world of Germany. When the doctrines of the French revolutionists began to be echoed in his fatherland, he lost no time in pointing out to his compatriots the false ring which he detected in their boastful promises of liberty. The bulk of his writings, however, is devoted to Catholic philosophy and theology. It was his avowed purpose to adapt the traditional teachings of the School to the living needs of his time, "to plow anew the entire field of scholastic philosophy and theology and to fructify it with fresh seeds", as Bishop Sailer of Ratisbon, Stattler's great pupil, expressed it. With this eiul in view, he wrote "Phil- osophia methodo scientia' pronria explanata" (Augs- burg, 1769-72) and "Demonstratio Evangelica" (Aug.sburg, 1770). Yet his attachment to the ration- alistic philosophy of Wolff and the far-going conces- sions he made to religious toleration and Febronian- ism led him astray and marred the lustre of his merits. The suppression of his order and the con- sequent loss of wise direction by superiors proved a veritable calamity to him. His "Demonstratio Catholica" (Pappenheim, 177,5) fell under the censure of the Roman authorities, and, shortly before his death, his "I>oci TlieolngiiM " ( Wci.s.senburg, 1775), "Theologia Christiana Theoretica" (Ingolstadt and Munich, 1776-79) and two other works were placed on the Index.

Biography hy Sailer in Stimmtl. Werke (Sulzlmi-h, 1,841), xxxviii, 11,'') iiq.; Hurtek, Nomenclalor, III, 2,3(i .sim.; Sommek- VOOEI., Bibliothique, VII, 1498 sqq.; Werner, Gesrh. d. kath. Theoloipe (Munich, 1866).

A. C. Cotter.

Staudenmaier, Franz Anton, theologian, b. at Donzdorf, Wurtemberg, 11 Sept., 1800; d. at Frei- burg im Breisgau, 19 Jan., 1856. He was a pupil at the Latin school of Gmiind in the years 1815-18, and at the Gymnasium at EUwangen 1818-22. Dur- ing the years 1822-26 he studied theology and phi- losophy at the University of Tiibingen, where Drey, Herbst, Hirscher, and IVIcihler were his teachers; in the autumn of 1826 he entered the seminary at Rottenburg, where he was ordained priest on 15 Sept., 1827. After performing the duties of a parish priest for a year he became, in the autumn of 1828, a tutor in the Catholic theological seminary, "Wilhelms- stift" at Tubingen; in 1830 he was made regular pro- fessor of dogmatic theology in the newly-established Catholic theological faculty of the University of Giessen, which owed its brief period of prosperity largely to Staudenmaier and his colleague Kuhn. In the autumn of 1837 he became the regular profes- sor of dogmatic theology at the University of Frei- burg im Breisgau; from 1843 he was also a cathe- dral canon.

Staudenmaier was one of the most brilliant figures in the Catholic theology of Germany in the first half of the nineteenth century, and one of the most important writers on dogmatics of the Catholic Tiibingen school. He was a scholar of far-reaching knowledge, of great productive energy, and at the same time a philoso- pher with a brilliant talent for speculation. His imperishable service consisted in securing a deep speculative foundation for Christian truth and in de- fending this truth against the errors of the pantheis- tic speculation of that era, especially of the Hegelian philosophy. The most important of his numerous literary works are the following: "Geschichte der Bischofswahlen" (Tiibingen, 1830); "Johannes Sco- tus Erigena und die Wis.senschaft seiner Zeit" (1 pt. only, Frankfort, 1834); " Encyklopadie der theolo- gischen Wissenschaften als System der gesammten Theologie" (Mainz, 1834; 2nd ed. 1 vol. only, Mainz, 1840), at the time of its publication an epoch-mak- ing work in the domain of Catholic theology; "Der Pragmatismus der Geistesgaben oder das \\'irken des gottlichen Geistes im Menschen und in der Mensch- heit" (Tubingen, 1835); "Der Geist des Christen- thums dargestellt in den heiligen Zeiten, in den heili- gen Handlungen und in der heiligen Kunst" (2 pts., Mainz, 1835; 5th ed., 18.55; 8th ed., 1880), an intro- duction to the understanding of Catholic Christianity and its worship, based on a presentation of the Catholic Church year, and exTJressed in language that can be understood by all educated Chri.s- tians, the most widely-circulated book of Staud- enmaier; "Geist der gottlichen Offenbarung, oder Wissenschaft der Geschichtsprincipien des Christen- thums" (Giessen, 1837); "Die Philosophic des Christ- enthums oder Metaphysik der heiligen .'^i-hrift als Lehre von den gottlichen Ideen und ihrer Kntwiikhmgin Natur, Geist, und Geschichte: Vol. I, Die Lehre \-pn der Idee" (Giessen, 1840); "Darstellung und Kritik des Hegel'schen Systems. Aus dera Standpunkt der christlichen Philosophic" (M.ainz, 1844); "Die christ- liche Dogmatik" (vols. I-IV, i, Freiburg im Br., 1844- 52). This is Staudenmaier's principal work; unfortu- nately it was never finished. He :ilso published "Das Wesen der katholischen Kirchc, mit Riicksicht auf ihre Gegner dargestellt" (Freiburg im Br., 1845); "Zum religiiisen Frieden der Zukvuift. mit Riicksicht auf die religiiis-politische .Aufgabe der (iegenwart" 3 pts, Freiburg im Br., 184t)-51). In addition ho did much for two theological periodicals which he aided in founding and on which he iollabor;ited: with his colleagues at Giessen he established the "Jahrbiicher fiir Theologie und christlichc Philosophic" (three yearly series in seven vols., l'rankfort-on-th(^Main, 1834-35; Mainz, 18:^6); in conjunction with his col- leagues at Freiburg he established the "Zeitschrift