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 STANISLAWOW

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STANSEL

These dared not obey, so Boleslaw slew him during the Holy Sacrifice. The body was at first buricMl in the chapel, but in 1088 it was transferred to the cathedral by Bishop Lambert III. St. Stanislaus was canonized 1253 by Innocent IV at Assisi.

Bibl. hag. lot., 1134; Gfborer, Papst Gregor VII (Schaff- hausen, 1851). 561; St. Stanislaus of Cracow in Butler, tires of (/if .Saints. II, May 7.

Francis Mershman.

Stanislawcw, Diocese of (Stanislaopouensis), of the Greek-Ruthenian Rite, in Gahcia, Austria, suffragan of Leraberg. The establishment of this see was decided on in May, 18.50, but the plan was not carried out till the issuing of the Brief "De imi- verso dominico grege" (26 March, 1885) and the imperial decrees of 26 December, 1885. The dio- cese includes most of south-eastern Galicia and all Bukovina as far as Halicz, which was reserved to the metropolitan mensa of Lemberg. It comprises the districts of Stanislawow, Kolomyja, and Czern- iowce. There are 21 deaneries, 433 churches with, and 298 without, resident priests, 63 chapels, 579 secular, and 13 regular, priests, 4 Reformed Basilian monasteries with 22 religious, 2 Basihan convents with 11 nuns, and 10 convents of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary with 37 nuns. The Greek- Ruthenian Catholics number 920,000 out of a popu- lation of 1,387,930, of whom about 5000 belong to the Armenian, and 230,000 to the Latin, Rite. An ecclesiastical seminary was established in 1907, the clergy having been trained previously at Lem- berg and Vienna. The episcopal town of Stanis- lawow was founded by Stanislav Potocki (d. 1683), and rebuilt after a disastrous fire in 1868. It is situated on the Bisthritza, 87 miles south-east of Lemberg, and has a population of 30,410, mostly Jews; it has a beautiful parish church containing the tombs of the Potocki, a Polish and a Ruthenian gym- nasuim, a Polish -Ruthenian normal school, 3 hos- pitals, a Jesuit residence, and convents of the Sisters of Charity and the Servants of the Immaculate Con- ception. It is a busy manufacturing centre (paper, lace, timning, milling, and engineering works).

The bishops of Stanislawow were: (1) Mgr. Julian Pelesz, author of the "Gcschichte der Union der ruth. Kirche mit Rom" (Vienna, 1878-81), pre- viously rector of the Greek-Ruthenian Seminary, Vienna, then archpriest of Lemberg cathedral, pre- conized on 27 March, 1885; consecrated, 1 Novem- ber, 1885; enthroned, 10 January, 1886; died 1891. (2) Mgr. Juhan Kujlowski, b. at Krolewski in the i)iocese of Przemysl, 1 May, 1826, elected titular Bishop of Ephestum, 26 June, 1890; transferred to Stanislawow, 22 September, 1891; held a diocesan synod in 1897. (3) Mgr. Count Andrea Alexander de Szeptyce-Szeptychi, member of a distinguished ancient Ruthenian family which joined the Latin Rite in the eighteenth century, b. at Przylbico, in the Diocese of Przemysl, 15 July, 1865, embraced the Ruthenian Rite to enter the Basilian Order, laboured energetically to strengthen the spirit of reform among the monks; was ordained, 29 August, 1892; accepted the episcopal dignity only on the formal order of Leo XIII; elected to the see, 19 June, 1899; promoted to the Archdiocese of Lemberg, 17 December, 1900. (4) Mgr. Gregorius Chomyszyn, b. on 24 March, 1867-8, elected, 19 April, 1904, and still governing the diocese.

A. A. MacErlean.

Stanley Falls, Vicariate Apostolic of, in the Bel- gian Congo. It is bounded on the east by the meridian 30° E. long.; on the south by a line running from the extreme point of Lake .Albert Edward to the con- fluence of the Elila and the Congo, and thence to Bena-Kamba on the Lomani; on the west, by the right bank of the Lomani to its junction with the

Congo, and the Congo to the watershed of the llim- biri; on the north by this same watershed of the Ilim- biri and the Congo and then the watershed of the Welle and the Arwimi as far as the meridian 30° E. long. The vicariate has an area of about 90,000 square miles.

The mission of Stanley Falls was established by the Fathers of the Sacred Heart in 1897. The pioneer missionaries, setting out from Antwerp on 6 July, 1897, settled definitively on Christmas Day following at a spot on the right bank of the River Congo four miles below Stanley\-ille, and gave to their first foundation, an orphanage, the name of St. Gabriel. The mission at that time formed part of the Vicariate of Belgian Congo. Their work was rapidly crowned with suc- cess and the mission on 3 August, 1904, was erected into a prefecture Apostolic, and on 10 March, 1908, was made a vicariate Apostolic. In 1901 the Fran- ciscan Missionary Sisters of Mary came to assist the Fathers of the Sacred Heart and settled at St. Gabriel, taking charge of a girls' orphanage, a school, and a dispensary; since then they have given their services to the victims of sleeping-sickness in the quarantine station between the mission and Stanley- ville. Four years later another band of the same Sisters arrived to take care of the hospital founded by the "Compagnie du Chemin de Fer des Grands Lacs", at Stanleyville, on the left bank of the river; they are about to establish (October, 1911) a house at Basoko at the mouth of the Arwimi. This year (1911) the Little Brothers of Mary are coming to Stanleyville to take care of the State school.

The mission has ten centres: St. Gabriel; Stanley- ville, right bank; Stanlej^viUe, left bank and railway; Lokandu; Lileke; Basoko; Banalya; Avakubi; Beni. Each centre spreads out and establishes secondary posts, with a chapel, dweDing-house for the missionary on his rounds, and house for the catechist; and posts of third rank, which have a catechist, but no chapel or house for the missionary. Each centre has its primary school, and St. Gabriel has a school for cate- chists. Most of the natives are fetishists or Moham- medans; the chief language spoken is Kishwali. but there are twenty-five others. The present suiicrior is Mgr. Gabrielle-Emile Grison, titular Bishop of Saga- lassus, who resides at St-Gabriel-Ies-Falls, near Stan- leyville. The latest annual religious statistics (1910- li) are: baptisms, 1839; confirmations, 1104; paschal communions, 5191; Christians, 7172; catechumens, 10,754; there are approximately 150 posts of second or third rank. The statistics of 1909 as given in Bat- tandier, ' ' Annuaire pontificale ", are : Christ ians, 5969 ; catechumens, 7113; religious (men), 29, of whom 23 are priests and 6 lay tjrothers; churches, 9; chapels, 25; schools, 9; orphanages, 4; hospitals, 3; nuns. 11.

Stanley, The Congo (London, 1895); Idem, In Darki-st .ifnca (Ijondon. 1890); Johnston, George Grcnfree and the Congo (Lon- don, 190S). ^

Gabriel Grison.

Stansel, Valentin, astronomer, b. at Olmiitz, Moravia, 1621; d. at Bahia, Brazil, 18 Dec, 1705. He entered the Society of Jesus on 1 Oct., 1637, and taught rhetoric and mathematics at Olmiitz and Prague. After his ordination he was, at his own re- quest, appointed to work on the Jesuit mission in India, and went to Portugal to await an opportunity of taking ship for his destination. Meantime, he lectured on astronomy with considerable success at the college of Evora. While there, in order to con- form to the language of the countr\-, he changed his name to the form "Estancel", in which form it ap- pears on the title pages of most of his published works. Obstacles having arisen which prevented his going to India, he was sent to Brazil, and was attached to the Jesuit College and Seminary of San Salvador (Bahia), where he filled the post of professor of moral theology, and later on that of superior. At the same time he