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the Jesuits, the provincial of the order on the Lower Rhine, and Spee himself. The general wished more exact information as to how the printing took place and expressed the suspicion that Spee, even if he, per- haps, did not directly cause it, at least allowed it, and wTote him a mild rebuke.

The earlier literature is enumerated by Cardauns, Friedrich Spee in Frankfurter zeilgemdsse Broschuren, V, pt. 4 (1884), where the first exact analysis of the Cautio is given. Since then much new material has appeared in the publications of DUHR. Die Stellung der Jesuiten in den deutschen Hexenprocessen, published by the Gorresgcspll'M-haft (IflOO); Diel, Friedrich Spee in Sammlung hiHori^chrr B\lh-i~r, ^pfond edition reWsed by DUHB (1901). Valuabl. : '■ - ' M' hr have appeared in the

HislorisckesJahrbuchdw • ;/f (1900), 328aqq.; (1905),

327 sqq. For a good lui h lt i| ii -■ <■ the introduction to the latest edition of the TruUnuLlitiynu i.j VVeinkich (1907). xxxvii sqq.

Hermann Cardatjns.

Speed, John, Venerable, English martyr, exe- cuted at Durham, 4 Feb., 1593-4, for assisting the venerable martyr John Boste (q. v.), whom he used to escort from one Catholic house to another. He died with constancy, despising the inducements of- fered to bring him to conformity. With him wxs condemned Mrs. Grace Claxton, wife of William Claxton, of the Waterhouse, in the parish of Brance- peth, Durham, at whose house Boste was taken and probably Speed also. She was, however, reprieved on being found to be with child.

Ch^lloner, MisHonary Priests, I, no. 100, ad finem; Pollen, EnoKsh Martyrs 1584-1603 (London. 1908), 239.

John B. Wainewright.

Spells. See Superstition.

Spencer, The Hon. George (in religion, Ign.\tius OF St. Paul), Passionist, b. at the Admiralty, Lon- don, 21 Dec, 1799; d. at Carstairs, Scotland, 1 Oct., 1864. He was the youngest son of the second Earl Spencer and Lavinia, daughter of Sir Charles Bing- ham. From Eton he went to Trinity College, Cam- bridge, received Anglican orders, 1.3 June, 1824, and became chaplain to JBishop Blomfield of Chester, and shortly afterwards rector of Brington, Northampton- shire. In 1830 he became a Catholic and went to Rome for his ecclesiastical studies, being ordained priest there, 26 May, 1832. He returned to England fired with zeal for its conversion and laboured inces- santly to procure the prayers of Catholics on the Con- tinent for that intention. From 1832 to 1839 he worked as priest at West Bromwich, building the church at his own cost; then he was professor at Os- cott till 1846, when he entered the Passionist novitiate. He was professed at Aston Hall in January, 1848. He spent the rest of his life in arduous missionary labours as a true apostle for the conversion of England. He translated the life of Blessed Paul of the Cross (Lon- don, 1860) and published many sermons.

A Short Account of the Conversion of the Hon. and Rev. G. Spen- cer, written by himself (Cath. Inst. Tracts, London, no date): DtvlNE, Life of Father Ignatius of .'it. Paul, Passionist (Dublin, 1866); GiLhovr, Bibl. Did. Eng. Cath.; Fvv.cei.h, Ambrose Phil- lipps de Lisle.

Edwin Burton.

Spenser, John {alias Hatcliffe and Tyrrwhit), b. in Lincolnshire, 1601; d. at Grafton, 1671. He was converted while a student at Cambridge, and en- tered the Society of Jesus in 1627. After having pro- fessed moral theology at Lirge, 1642, and also having served the arduous "Camp Mission", he returned to England and partook, Whitsuntide, 1(3.57, in a confer- ence, much spoken of at the time, with two Anglican divines. Dr. Peter Gunning and Dr. John Pearson, afterward Bishops of Ely and ('lioster. ."Ml the dis- putants, including .Spenser's Catholic colleague. Dr. John Lenthall, M.D., were Cambridge men, and may have known one another. An account of the confer- ence was published in Paris, 1(').')S, vmder the title, "Schism Unmasked", probably by Spenser. He also wrote: " [Thirty-Six] Quest ions i)roi)ounded to the Doc-

tors of the Reformed Religion" (Paris, 1657); "Scrip- ture Mistaken" (London, 1660); and other books which won him a high name as a controversialist. At the time of his death he was chaplain to the Earl of Shrewsbury.

Foley. Records of the English Province, S.J. (1884), II, 194; GiLLOW, Bibl. Did. Eng. Cath., s. v.

J. H. Pollen.

Spenser, William, Vener-^ble, English martyr, b. at Ghisburn, Yorkshire; executed at York, 24 September, 1589. His maternal uncle, William Horn, who signed for the Rectory of Cornwell, O.xfordshire, in 1559, sent him in 1573 to Trinity College, Oxford, where he became Fellow in 1579 and M.A. in 1580. There, convinced of the truth of Catholicism, he used his position to influence his pupils in that direction; but he delayed his reconciliation till 1582, when, ^-ith four other Trinity men (John Appletree, B.A., already a priest; William Warford, M.A. and Fellow, afterwards a Jesuit; Anthony Shirley, M.A. and Fel- low, afterwards a priest; and John Fixer, B.A., after- wards a priest), he embarked from the Isle of Wight, and landed near Cherbourg, arriving at Reims, 2 November. Received into the Church five days later, he was ordained sub-deacon and deacon at Laon by the bishop, Valentine Douglas, 7 April, 1583, and priest at Reims by the Cardinal Archbishop de Guise, 24 September, and was sent on the mission 29 August, 1584. He eifected the reconciliation of his parents and his uncle (the latter was living as a CathoUc priest in 1593), and afterwards voluntarily immured himself in York Castle to help the prisoners there. He was condemned under 27 Elizabeth, c. 2, merely for being a priest. With him suffered a layman, Robert Hardesty, who had given him shelter.

Pollen. Acts of the English Martyrs (London, 1891), 273-8; English Martyrs 1.5S/,-160S (London, 1908), 34, 35; K.NOX, Douay Diaries (London, 1878); and, for William Horn, see Gee, Elizabethan Clergy (Oxford. 1898), 119; and Public Record Office, S. P. Dom. Add. Eliz., XXXII, 64.

John B. Wainewright.

Speyer, Diocese of (Spira), in Bavaria. The city dates back to the stronghold of Noviomagus, in the territory' of the German tribe of the Nemetes, on the left bank of the Rhine. In the course of time a Roman municipality (Colonia Nemelum) developed out of this stronghold ; in 451 the munici- pality was en- tirely destroyed by AttUa. From its ashes arose a new city, Spira or Speyer. Chris- tianity found en- trance into the city in the time of the Romans. The first bishop, Jesse (Jessius), is mentioned in the Acts of the Synods of Sar- dica (343) and of Cologne (346), but his historicity is not quite certain. On the other hand there is positive proof of Bishop Hilderich who attended the Synod of Paris held in 614. Since his episcopate the succession of bishops has been unbroken. In 748 Speyer was made suffragan of Mainz; and in 1030 the first stone of the present Romanesque Cathedral of Our Lady w;vs laid ; it was intended to be the mausoleum of the Salian em- perors. In the struggle over investitures. Bishops Huzmann (1073-90) and .Tohann I (1090-1104) up- held the Emperor Henry IV and die<l under the ban of the Church. In 1146 St. Bernard preached the

Seal of the City of Speyer