Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 14.djvu/188

 SOUTHERNS

162

SODTHWARK

Fathers Christian and Adrian Hoecken. The first permanent mission plant in South Dakota was made at Jefferson in 1867. A considerable number of French Catholic families had settled in that neigh- bourhood, and Bishop Grace sent Father Pierre Bouclier among them as Apostolic missionary, and he organized and built St. Peter's Church at Jeffer- son, the first Catholic church building in the state. From that time there had been a steady growth in Catholic population, distributed among the Germans, Irish, and French, with a few Italians and other South Europe immigrants. The original Vicariate Apos- tolic of Dakota was established with the episcopal seat at Yankton, but upon the division of the terri- tory and the admission of South Dakota in 1889, the Diocese of Sioux Falls was established to embrace the entire state. Rt. Rev. Martin Marty was the first bi.shop and he was succeeded, after an interval during which the diocese was administered by Rt. Rev. Henry Wensing, by Rt. Rev. Thomas O'Gorman, the present incumbent. In 1902 the diocese was divided, and that portion of the state west of the Missouri River became the Diocese of Lead with Rt. Rev. John Stariha as bishop; in 1909 Bishop Stariha resigned and was succeeded by Bishop Busch. There are in the two dioceses, loO priests, 208 churches, 13 chapels, 71 stations, 28 parochial schools, with 3530 pupils, and a Catholic population of about 68,000. ^Vhile Catholics have been largely repre- sented in the Legislature and county offices, not many, in proportion to their numerical strength have Jield state office. Peter C. Shannon was chief justice of the territory (1873-81); John E. Kelley repre- sented the state in Congress (1896-98); Beotius H. Sullivan was surveyor general (1889-93); Patrick F. Wickham, internal revenue collector (1893); and John A. Bowler, warden of the penitentiary (1897-1901). The latest religious census of South Dakota, taken in 1906, is as follows:

Denomination

Members

Adventists

Baptists

Brethren (Plymouth) Christian Science. . . . Congregationalists. ..

Disciples

Dunkers

Eastern (Greek) ....

Evangelical

Friends

German Evangelical.

Independent

Latter Day Saints. .

Lutheran

Mennonites

Methodists

Presbyterians

Protestant Episcojjal

Reform Bodies

Roman Catholic ...

Salvation Army

Swedish Evang(>lical.

Theosophists

Unitarians

United Brethren ... Univorsalists

Total

1,042

6,198

3

237

599

1,478

155

230

1,797

103

325

334

85

45,018

995

16,143

6,990

7,055

2,711

61,014

109

1,042

7

21

257

13

Matters Affecting Religion. — The Constitu- tion guarantees complete freedom of worship. A chapter of the penal code defines crimes against re- ligion and conscience, especially making bhisphemy,

profane swearing, and desecration of the Sabbath, misdemeanors. No religious holidays are observed by law as such, except Thanksgiving Day. Clirist- mas is a holiday. Every session of the Legislature is opened with prayer. One of the chaplains in sessions of 1907 and 1909 was a Catholic priest. Church societies may incorporate under a simple and in- expensive statutory provision. All property used for religious and educational purposes is exempt from taxation; clergymen are exempt from jury and mili- tary duty and poll taxes; marriages may be cele- brated by any regular minister of the Gospel, or be- fore justices of the peace and the judges of the courts; a rigid marriage license law is enforced; and con- sanguineous marriages are forbidden; all marriages are finally recorded in the State Vital Statistics Division at Pierre. Divorces are allowed for adul- tery, extreme cruelty, wilful desertion, wilful neglect, habitual intemperance, or conviction of felony. The plaintiff must have been in good faith a resident of the state one year and of the county three months before bringing action for divorce. Free education is offered every person and elementary education ia compulsory; training in parochial schools may be substituted for compulsory training in public schools. The Bible may be read in the public schools but all sectarian teaching is forbidden. All state-supported charitable institutions, prisons, and reformatories are under the control of the State Board of Charities and Corrections. These institutions are the Hospital for the Insane at Yankton, the School for Feeble- minded at Redfield, the School for the Deaf, Sioux Falls, the School for the Blind at Gary, the Training School for Incorrigibles at Plankinton, the peniten- tiary at Sioux Falls, and sanatorium for tuberculous patients at Custer. The Catholic Church maintains fine hospitals at Aberdeen, Cascade Springs, Dead- wood, Pierre, Mitchell, Sioux Falls, Webster, and Yankton. The Scandinavian Lutherans maintain an orphanage at Beresford, and the State Children's Home at Sioux Falls is maintained as a public be- nevolence. The last-named is not a church institu- tion, though Bishop O'Gorman of the Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls is a member of its board of control.

The sale of liquor is strictly regulated by law; a high license system prevails; $1000 per year is the minimum license fee. Every person of sound mind may dispose of all his property by will, but a cor- poration cannot make a will; there is no provision of law regulating or affecting charitable bequests. Cemetery corporations or individuals may provide cemeteries; burial upon a cemetery lot renders the title thereto inalienable; no corpse may be buried within the state without a permit from a justice of the pe.ace.

Brief History of South Dakota (New York, 1905) ; Robinson, History of South Dakota (IndiaQapolis, 1904); Journals of Lewis and Clarke; South Dakota Historical Collections I, II (Pierre, 1902, 1904) ; Annual Review of the Progress of South Dakota (Pierre, 1909); Reused Statutes of South Dakota (Pierre. 1909).

DoANE Robinson.

Southeme, William, Venerable, Engli.sh mar- t>T, suffered at Newcastle-under-Lyme, 30 April, 1618. An alumnus and priest of the English College at Douai, he laboured mainly at Baswich, near Stafford, which then belonged to a branch of the Fowler family. He was arrested while saying Mass, and committed by a neighbouring justice to Stafford gaol. He was immediately sentenced to death for being a priest and refusing to take theoath of allegiance ; he remained in prison for six days after condemnation, no hangman being forthcoming.

Challo.ver, Missionary Priests, II, no. l.')9.

John B. Wainewright.

Southwark, Diocese of (Southwaroensis), suf- fragan of Westminster, England, comprises the south-ejistern counties of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex