Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 13.djvu/872

 SIMLA

796

SIMONE

Communion at his hands. As in the case of most of the other pillar saints a large number of miracles were beheved to have been worked bj' Simeon the Younger. In several instances the cure was effected by pictures representing him (Holl in " Philotesia", 56). Towards the close of his hfe the saint occupied a column upon a mountain-side near Antioch called from his miracles the "Hill of Wonders", and it was here that he died. Besides the letter mentioned, several wTitings are at- tributed to the younger Simeon. A number of these small spiritual tractates were printed by Cozza-Luzi ("Xova PP. Bib.", VIII, iii, Rome, 1871, pp. 4-156). There is also an "Apocah-pse" and letters to the Em- perors Justinian and Justin II (see fragments in P. G., LXXXVI, pt. II, 3216-20). More especially Si- meon was the reputed author of a certain number of liturgical hvmns, "Troparis", etc. (see P6trides in "Echos d'Orient", 1901 and 1902).

Simeon Styhtes III, another pillar hermit, who also bore the name Simeon, is honoured by both the Greeks and the Copts. He is hence believed to have lived in in the fifth century before the breach which occurred between these Churches. But it must be confessed that very little certain is known of him. He is be- heved to have been struck by lightning upon his pil- lar, built near Hegca in Cicilia.

There is a long and drearj' life of St. Simeon the Younger by Nicephonis of Antioch, but we learn more from the Life of St. Martha, his mother, and from the Ecclesiastical History of Eva- GRius. All these have been printed by the BoUandists, Acta SS., May, V, 29&-^.31; fragments of a Biography by Arca- DIC9 have been published by Papadopclos Keramec8 in Vivan- tisky Vremennik (1894), 141-150 and 601-604. See also All.*^thj8, De Simeonum scriptis {Paris, 1864), 17-22; Krumbacher. (?esc/i. der ByzarU. Lift. (2nd ed.. Munich, 1897). 144-145 and 671; Philotesia P. Kleinert zum 70 Geburtslag (Leipzig, 1907).

Herbert Thurston.

Simla, Archdiocese of, in India, a new creation of Pius X by a Decree dated 13 September, 1910, formed by dividing off certain portions of the Arch- diocese of Agra and of the Dioce.se of Lahore. By this arrangement the following places fall within the territory of the new archdiocese: Simla, the metro- pohtan city, where the Church of Sts. Michael and Joseph has been adopted as the pro-cathedral, Am- bala, Higsar, Karmal, Patiala, Nabha, Sind, Loharu, and Maler Kotla, taken from the Archdiocese of Agra; and Mandi, Suket, Kulu, Lahul and Spiti, taken from the Dioce.se of Lahore. As yet the appointment of suffragans has been reserved to the future by the Holy See. As the two more ancient dioceses are confided respectively to the Italian and Belgian Franciscans of the Capuchin Reform, so the new archdiocese has been given to the care of the same Fathers of the Eng- lish province. The fir.st archbishop appointed is the Most Rev. An.selm E. J. Kenealy who, as Father Anselm, O.S.F.C, was well known in England as a lector in logic and metaphysics, guardian of Crawley monastery in Sussex, a momlxT of the (Oxford Union Society, and provincial of the Enghsh province, before being called to Rome as definitor general of the order. Consecrated on 1 Jan., 1911, at Rome by Cardinal Gotti, a.ssistcd by the Archbishop of Westminster and Archbi.shop Jacquet, after visit lug England to select some Fathers of the EnglisJi i)r(>vince to accompany him, he sailed for India on 18 April, and was w(!l- comed with an imposing public reception on his arrival at Simla on 8 May.

The stations with resident clergy are: Simla, Am- balla, Dagshai, Casauli, and Subathu. The stations visitefl are: Jutogh, Solon, stations on the Kalka- Simla railway and Kalka, Karnal, Patiala, Rajpura, Sirsa, and Gind. The principal educational estab- hshmenls in the new archdiocese are at Simla and Amballa. At Simla the Nuns of Jr^sus and Mary (eslablishefl in 1804) have some of the best schools in India for orphans, boarders, and the training of teachers. The I>oreto Nuns at Tara Hall, Simla (estabhshed in 1895), have also first-class schools for

boarders and day-scholars. There is a private school for boys under the care of the Capuchin Fathers at Simla.

Ernest R. Hull.

Simon, Saint and Apostle. — The name of Simon occurs in all the passages of the Gospel and Acts, in which a hst of the Apostles is given. To dis- tinguish him from St. Peter he is called (Matt., x, 4; Mark, iii, 18) Kananaios (Arava^/atos), or Kananites (Kavavlrrjs), and Zelotes (fijXtoT-^j; Luke, vi, 15; Acts, i, 13). Both surnames have the same significa- tion and are a translation of the Hebrew qand (the Zealous). The name does not signify that he belonged to the party of Zealots, but that he had zeal for the Jemsh law, which practised before his call. Jerome and others wrongly assume that Kana was his native place; were this so, he should have been called Kanaios. The Greeks, Copts, and Ethiopians identify him wdth Nathanael of Cana; the first- mentioned also identify him with the bridegroom at the marriage of Cana, while in the "Chronicon paschale" and elsewhere he is identified with Simon Clopas. The Abyssinians accordingly relate that he suffered crucifixion as Bishop of Jerusalem, after he had preached the Gospel in Samaria. Where he actually preached the Gospel is uncertain. Almost all the lands of the then knowm world, even as far as Britain, have been mentioned; according to the Greeks, he preached on the Black Sea, in Egypt, Northern Africa, and Britain, while, according to the Latin "Passio Simonis et Juda?", the author of which was (Lipsius maintains) sufficiently familiar with the history of the Parthian Empire in the firct century, Simon laboured in Persia, and was there martyred at Suanir. However, Suanir is probably to be sought in Colchis. According to Moses of Chorene, Simon met his death in Weriosphora in Iberia; according to the Georgians, he preached in Colchis. His place of burial is unknown. Con- cerning his relics our information is as uncertain as concerning his preaching. From Babylon to Rome and Toulouse we find traces of them; at Rome they are venerated under the Altar of the Crucifixion in the Vatican. His usual attribute is the saw, since his body is said to have been sawed to pieces, and more rarely the lance. He is regarded as the patron of tanners. In the Western Church he is venerated together with Jude (Thadda^us); in the East sep- arately. The Western Church keeps his feast on 28 October; the Greeks and Copts on 10 May.

Acta SS., Oct., XII, 421-.36; Lipsius, Die apokryphen Apoa- ielgeschichten (Brunswick, 1883-90), 1, 117-8; II, 2, 142-200; Bibl. hagiogr. latina (Brussels, 1898-1900), 1122; Bibl. hag. grwca (2nd ed.. Brussels, 1909), 231.

Klemens Loffler.

Simon. See Peter, Saint.

Simon, Richard. See Criticism, Biblical; In- troduction, Biblical.

Simone da Orsenigo, a Lombard architect and builder of the fourteenth century whose memory is chiefly connected with the catlieihal of Milan in the cour.se of its erection. He was prohalily a native of the town of Onsenigo in the district of Como. His name is inscribed in 1387 on the list of masters of work at the Duomo, immediately after that of Marco da Campione, who heatls his associates, and it appears subsequently alternately with that of Nicolas Bona- venturc of Paris. Orsenigo is styled insegnerius. Another master of the same name, Paolino Orsenigo, was likewise employed upon the works of the cathedral in 1400 under the tit le of viaqi>iier a lignnnimc, perhaps master of the scaffolding.

Naoi.f.k, KilnxHir Lexicon (Munich, 1841); Cicoonara, Sloria <Mla SruUura (Venice. 1853); Perkins, Italian Sculptors (London. 1868). ,, ^ ,^

M. L. Handley.