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RIMINI

(2nd ed., Bruges, 1904) ; Crolly, Dejustitia etjure (Dublin, 1870) ; ^IEYER, Die Grundadtze der Sittlichkeit u. des Rechtes (Freiburg, 1868); Idem, Institutiones juris naturalis, I (2nd ed.), nn. 430 sqq.; FiJHRicH, Rechtssubjekt u, Kirchenrecht, I (Leipzig, 1908); Cathrein, Recht, Naturrecht u. positiven Rechl (2nd ed., Frei- burg, 1909); Idem, Moral philosophie, I (5th ed., Freiburg), 502 sqq.; Thering, Der Zweck in Recht (4th ed., Vienna); St.\mm- LER, Die Lehre vom richtigen Recht (Vienna, 1902) ; Bekker, Grund- hegriffe des Rechts (Berlin, 1910).

V. Cathrein.

Right of Asylum. See Privileges, Ecclesias- tical.

Right of Presentation. See Presentation, Right of.

Rimbert, Saint, Archbishop of Bremen-Hamburg, d. at Bremen 11 June, 888. It is uncertain whether he was a Fleming or a Norman. He was educated at the monastery of Turholt near Brugge in Flanders. There St. Ansgar, first Archbishop of Hamburg, be- came acquainted with him, and later made him his constant companion. When Ansgar died on 2 Feb- ruary, 865, Rimbert was chosen his successor. Pope Nicholas I sent him the pallium in December, 86.5. As Ansgar's missionary system was based on a con- nexion with the Benedictine Order, Rimbert became, shortly after his consecration, a monk at Corvey, and subsequently made missionary journeys to West Friesland, Denmark, and Sweden, but concerning these unfortunately we have no detailed information. In 884 h(^ succeeded in putting to flight the Norman marauders on the coast of Friesland; in remembrance of this incident he was later held in special veneration in P'riesland. Among his episcopal achievements the foundation of a monastery in Biicken near Bremen and his care for the poor and sick are especially em- phasized. Historians are indebted to him for a biography of St. Ansgar, which is distinguished by valuable historical information and a faithful charac- ter-sketch. On the other hand, (he biography of Rimbert himself, written by a monk of Corvey, is, while very edifying, poor in actual information; hence we know so little of his life.

Vita Rimberti in Mon. Germ. hist. Scriptores, II (Hanover, 1829), 764-75; Dehio, Gesch. des Erzbistums Ilamburg-Bremen, I (Berlin, 1877), 92-8; .\llgem. deutsche Biogr., s. v.; Biogr. iiatioimle de Belgique, s. v. Rcmbert.

Klemens Loffler.

Rimini, Council of. — The second Formula of Sirmium (357) stated the doctrine of the Anomojans, or extreme Arians. Against this the Scmi-Arian bishops, assembled at Ancyra, the episcopal city of their leader Basilius, issued a counter formula, a.ssert- ing that the Son is in all things like the Father, after- wards approved by the Third Synod of Sirmium (358). This formula, though silent on the term ' honio- usios", consecrated by the Council of Nicaja, was signed by a few orthodox bishops, and probably by Pope Liberius, being, in fact, capable of an orthodox interpretation. The Emperor Constantius cheri.shed at that time the hope of restoring peace between the orthodox and the Semi-Arians by convoking a general council. Failing to convene one either at Nicsea or at Nicomedia, he was persuaded by Patroi)hilus, Bishop of Scythopolis, and Narcissus, Bishop of Neronias, to hold two synods, one for the East at Seleucia, in Isauria, the other for the West at Rimini, a proceeding justified by diversity of language and by expense. Before the convocation of the councils, Ursacius and Valens had Marcus, Bishop of Arethusa, designated to draft a formula (the Fourth of Sirmium) to be sub- mitted to the two synods. It declared that the Son was born of the Father before all ages (agreeing so far with the Third Formula); but it added that, when God is spoken of, the word ovala, "essence", should be avoided, not being found in Scripture and being a cause of scandal to the faithful; by this step they intended to exclude the similarity of essence.

The Council of Rimini was opened early in July,

359, with over four hundred bishops. About eighty Semi-Arians, including Ursacius, Germinius, and Auxentius, withdrew from the orthodox bishops, the most eminent of whom was Restitutus of Carthage; Liberius, Eusebius, Dionysius, and others were still in exile. The two parties sent separate deputations to the emperor, the orthodox asserting clearly their firm attachment to the faith of Nicsea, while the Arian minority adhered to the imperial formula. But the inexperienced representatives of the orthodox majority allowed themselves to be deceived, and not only entered into communion with the heretical dele- gates, but even subscribed, at Nice in Thrace, a formula to the effect merely that the Son is like the Father according to the Scriptures (the words "in all things" being ornitted). On their return to Rimini, they were met with the unanimous protests of their colleagues. But the threats of the consul Taurus, the remonstrances of the Semi-Arians against hindering peace between East and West for a word not contained in Scripture, their privations and their homesickness — all combined to weaken the constancy of the or- thodox bishops. And the last twenty were induced to subscribe when Ursacius had an addition made to the formula of Nice, declaring that the Son is not a creature like other creatures. Pope Liberius, having regained his liberty, rejected this formula, which was t hereupon repudiated by many who had signed it. In view of the hasty manner of its adoption and the lack of approbation by the Holy See, it could have no authority. In any case, the council was a sudden de- feat of orthodoxy, and St. Jerome could say: "The whole world groaned in astonishment to find itself Arian".

Hefele, History of the Councils, tr.; § 82; Duchesne, Histoire ancienne de I'eglise, II (Paris, 1910), 294 sq.; Mansi, Coll. Cone, III, 29,3 sq.; Newman, The Arians of the Fourth Century (Lon- don and New York, reprint, 1901), 335-52; Gwatkin, Studies in Arianism (London).

U. Benigni.

Rimini, Diocese of (Ariminum), suffragan of Ravenna. Rimini is situated near the coast between the rivers Marecchia (the ancient Ariminus) and Ausa (Aprusa). Coast navigation and fishing are the prin- cipal indu.stries. The thirteenth-century cathedral (San Francesco) was originally Gothic, but was trans- formed by order of Sigismondo Malatesta (1446- 55) according to the designs of Leone Baptista Alberti and never completed; the cupola is lacking, also the upper part of the fagade; in the cathedral are the tombs of Sigismondo and his wife Isotta. The plastic decorations of the main nave and some of the chapels, a glorification to Sigismondo and Isotta, are by Agostino di Duccio, and breathe the pagan spirit of the Renaissance. On the southern side are the tombs of illustrious humanists, among them that of the philosopher Gemistus Pletho, whose remains were brought back by Sigismondo from his wars in the Balkans. There is a remarkable fresco of Piero della Francesca. In San Giuliano is the great picture of Paul Veronese representing the martyrdom of that saint, also pictures of Bittino da Faenza (1357) dealing with some episodes of the saint's life. Among the profane edifices are the Arch of Augustus (27 b. c), the remains of an amphitheatre, and the five-arched bridge of Augustus over the Marecchia. The town hall has a small but valuable gallery (Perin del Vaga, Ghirlandajo, Bellini, Benedetto Coda, Tintoretto, Agostino di Duccio) ; the Gambalunga Library (1677) has valuable manuscripts. There is an archaeological museum and a bronze statue of Paul V; the castle of Sigismondo Malatesta is now user! as a prison.

Ariminum was built by the Umbri. In t he sixth cen- tury B. c. it was taken by the Gauls; after their last de- feat (283) it returned to the Umbri and became in 263 a Latin colony, very helpful to the Romans during the late Gallic wars. Rimini was reached by the Via