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SENS

Two Guineas. He increased the establishments of the Sisters of St. Joseph and invited to Dakar the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, founded at Castres in 1836 bv Mere Marie de Villeneuve. Encouraged by him, Pire Barbier founded at Dakar (24 May, 1858) the Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary, composed of native women, who have rendered inestimable ser- vices among Europeans as well as among their o^ti race. A seminary for nati\'e clergy was inaugurated and is now situated at Ngasobil. Mgr Kobes made an energetic attempt to establish the cotton industry among the natives, but a series of locust plagues caused it to be abandoned. Mgr Kobes died 11 Oct., 1872, and was succeeded by Mgr Duret, who had been Prefect Apostolic of Senegal and now united both ju- risdictions. At his death (29 Dec, 1875) he was succeeded by Mgr. Dubain (1876-83), who fixed his residence at Dakar, which has since remained the resi- dence of the vicars Apostolic. Chief among his mis- sion foundations was that at the ancient trading-jjost of Rufisque (1878). His succe.ssors were Mgr Riehl (1884-86), Mgr Picarda (1887-89), Mgr Barthel (1889-99), Mgr Buleon (1899-1900), Mgr Kune- mann (1900-08). The present vicar Apostolic is Mgr Jalabert, titular Bishop of Telepe.

In the Vicariate Apostolic of Senegambia there are 5,000,000 inhabitants, of whom 19,000 are Catholics, 2740 of this number belonging to Senegal. There are 39 European jjriests, 6 native priests, 53 brothers, 106 sisters, 16 churches or chapels and 15 stations, 24 schools for boys, 16 schools for girls, 4 agricultural so- cieties, 15 dispensaries, 7 hospitals or infirmaries. In Senegal there are churches at St. Louis and Goree, and 50 stations where the natives are taught. Civilly, Senegal forms a separate colony while Senegambia be- longs to that of Upper Senegambia and the Niger, formed 8 April, 1904, by the Anglo-French conven- tion.

BoiLAT, Esquisses sinegalaises (Paris, 1853); Pitka, Vie du P. Libermann (Paris, 1855) ; A. Barth£l£my, Guide du voyageur dans la Senegambie franQaiae (Bordeaux, 1S8.3); Delaplace, Vie de la Rev. Mire Javouhey (Paris, 1886); Bulletin de la Cong, du Saint Esprit (Paris) ; Faidherbe, Senegal et Soudan (Paris, 1883) ; Le Roy in Piglet, Missions Catholiques (Paris, 1902) ; Missiones Cath- olics fRome, 1907); Battandieb, Ann. pont. (Paris, 1911).

Blanche M. Kelly. Senlis. See Beauvais, Diocese of. Sennacherib. See Assyria. Sennen, Saint. See Abdon and Sennen, Saints.

Sens, Archdiocese of (Senones;, comprises the Department of the Yonne. It was suppres.sed by the Concordat of 1802 which annexed to the Diocese of Troyes the Dioceses of Sens and Auxerre and by a somewhat complex combination gave the title of Bishop of Auxerre to the bishops of Troyes, and the purely honorary title of Archbishop of Sens to the Archbishop of Paris, otherwise deprived of all real jurisdiction over Sens. The Concordat of 1817 re- established the Archdiocese of Sens and the Diocese of Auxerre, but this arrangement did not last. The law of July, 1821, the pontifical Brief of 4 Sept., 1821, the royal ordinance of 19 October, 1821, suppres.scd the Diocese of Auxerre and gave to the Archdiocese of Sens as territory all the Department of the Yonne, and as suffragan the Dioceses of Troyes, Nevcrs, and Moulins. A papal Brief of 3 June, 1823, gave to the Archbishop of Sens the title of Bishop of Auxerre.

I. DiocEBE of Senh. — The history of the reli- gious beginnings of the Church of Sens dates from Sts. Savinian and Potcntian, and through some connect- ing legends also has to do with the Dioceses of Chartres, Troyes, and OH6an8. Gregory of Tours is silent with regard to Sts. Savinian and Potentian, the founders of the See of Sens; the Hieronymian Martyrology, which was revised somewhat before 600 at Auxerre or Autun, ignores them. The cities

of Chartres and Troyes have nothing relative to these saints in their local liturgy prior to the twelfth centurj', and that of Orleans nothing prior to the fifteenth, which recalls the preaching of Altinus, Eodaldus, and Serotinus, the companions of Sts. Sa^^nian and Potentian. Previous to the ninth century there was in the cemetery near the monastery of Pierre le Vif at Sens a group of tombs among which have been recognized those of the first bishops of Sens. In 847 the solemn transfer of their bodies to the church of St-Picrre le Vif originated great popular devotion towards Sts. Savinian and Potentian. In 848 Wandelbert of Prum named them the first patrons of the church of Sens. Ado, in his martyrol- ogy published shortly afterwards, speaks of them as envoj's of the Ajiostlcs and as martyrs. The martyrol- ogy of Usuardus, about 875, indicates them as en- voys of the "Roman pontiff" and as martyrs. In the middle of the tenth centurj^ the relics of these two saints were hidden in a subt(>rranean vault of the Abbey of St-Pierre le Vif to escape the pillage of the Hungarians, but in 1031 they were placed in a beau- tiful reliquary executed by the monk Odoranne. This monk, in a chronicle published about 1045, speaks of Altinus, Eodaldus, and Serotinus as the apostolic companions of Savinian and Potentian, but does not regard them as having been sent by St. Peter.

In a document which, according to the Abb6 Bouvier, dates from the end of the sixth century or the beginning of the seventh, but which, according to Mgr Duchesne was written in 1046 and 1079 under the inspiration of Gerbert, Abbot of St-Pierre le Vif, is developed for the first time a vast legend which traces to Sts. Savinian and Potentian and their companions the evangelization of the churches of Orleans, Chartres, and Troyes; this document Mgr Duchesne calls the Gerbertine legend. After some uncertainties and hesitations this legend became defi- fiitely fi.\ed in the chronicle of Clarius, compiled about 1120. It is possible that the Christian Faith was preached at Sens in the second century, but we know from Sidonius Apollinaris that in 475 the Church of Sens had its thirteenth bishop, and the list of bishops does not permit the sui)i)sition that the episcopal see existed prior to the second half of the third century or the beginning of the fourth. Among the bishops of Sens in the fourth centmy may be mentioned: St. Severinus, present at the Council of Sardica in 344; St. Ursicinus (356-87), exiled to Phrygia under Constantius through the influence of the Arians, visited by St. Hilary on his return to Sens after three years of exile, and who about 386 founded at Sens the monastery of Sts. Gervasius and Protasius. In the fifth century: St. Ambrose (d. about 460); St. Agrcrcius (Agrice), bishop about 475; St. Heraclius (487-515), foimder of the monas- tery of St. John the Evangelist at Sens. In the sixth century: St. Paul (515-25); St. Leo (530-41), who sent St. Aspais to evangelize Melun; St. Arthemius, present at the councils of 581 and 585, who admitted to public i)enance tlu; Spaniard, St. Bond, and of a criminal made a holy hermit.

In the scvcntli ccntm-y : St. Lupus (Lou or Leu), b. about 573, bishop approximately between 609 and 62fJ, son of Blessed Jietto, of the royal house of Burgundy, and of Ste-Austregilde, founder of tin; monastery of Ste-Colombe and perhaps also of the monastery of Ferrieres in the Gatinais, which some historians, trusting to an apocrj'phal charter, be- lieved to have been founded under Clovis; he secured from the king authorization to coin money in his diocese; St. Annobertus (about 639) ; St. Gondelber- tus (about 642-3), whose episcopate is only proved by the traditions of the Vosgian monastery of Senones, which traditions date from the eleventh century; St. Amoul (654-7); St, Emmon (658-75), who about