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RICHMOND

we receive also welcome information relating to various matters regarding the history of culture. In poUtics he defended the rights of the Carlovin- gians King Henn- I of Germany was to hun only the King of Saxonv. In ecclesiastical matters Richer held to the \-iews of his master Gerbert. Richer is the first writer to give clear expression to the conception of a French nationality. „ j, ,

Ebebt. Allgem. Ge^^ch. der Lit. des MitielaUers xm Abendlande (Leipzig 1S67); Watten-bach, DeutsMands Geschicht^qufUen im MiUelaU'er (Stuttgart, 1901); ^i'^'^^ll^"'^"^ l'^%/]-^- Pebtz in Mon. Germ. Hist.: Scnp., Ill: new ed. by Waitz in Script, rer. Germ, in usum schol. (Hanover, 1S7,): Reimaxx, De Richeri riia ei scriptis (Olsnae, 1S45): Giesebbecht, Jahrb. des dexUschen Reiches unter OUo II fBerlui, 1840), excu^us r^": Mi- vet. Richeri hist. lib. quatuor in Jour, des Savants ^1866) : -Monod, Etudes sw Vhist. de Hugues Capet in Rer. hist., XXV III (1S8.D) ; Wi-mcH, Richer uber die Hersage Giselbert ron Loihnngen und Heinrich ton Saditen in Porschungen zur deiUschen Gescti., Ill (1S63.). „ „

Fraxz K.\mpers.

Richmond, Diocxse of CRichmondexsis), suf- fragan of Bahimore, established 11 July, 1820, com- prises the State of Virginia, except the Counties of Accomac and Northampton (Diocese of Wilmington ' ; and Bland, Buchanan, Carroll, Craig (partly i. Dickin- son, Flovd, Giles, Grayson, Lee, Montgomery, Pulaski, Russell, Scott, Smyth. Tazewell, Washing- ton, Wise, and W^-the (Diocese of Wheeling : and in the State of West Virginia, the Counties of Berkeley, Grant, Hampshire, Hardy, Jefferson, Mineral, Mor- gan, and Pendleton. It embraces 31,518 square miles in Virginia and 3290 square miles in West Virginia. Originallv it included also the territon,- of the present Diocese of \Mieeling, created 23 July, 1850.

Colonial Period. — In the summer of 1526 a Spanish Catholic settlement was made in Virginia on the yer\' sp>ot (according to Ecija, the pilot-in-chief of Florida) where, in 1607, eighty-one years later, the English founded the settlement of Jamestown. Lucas Vas- quez de Ayllon, one of the judges of the island of San Domingo, received from the King of Spain, 12 June, 1523, a patent empowering him to explore the coast for 800 leagues, estabUsh a settlement within three years and Christianize the natives. In June, 1-526, Ayllon sailed from Puerto de La Plata, San Domingo, with three vessels, 600 persons of both sexes, horses, and supplies. The Dominicans Antonio de Monte- sinos and Antonio de Cer\-antes, with Brother Peter de E.strada, accompanied the expedition. Entering the Capes at the Chesapeake, and ascending a river (the James '. he landed at Guandape, which he named St. Michael. Buildings were constructed and the Holy Sacrifice offered in a chapel, the second place of Catholic worship on American soil. Ayllon died of fever, 18 Oct., 1.526. The rebellion of the settlers and hostility of the Indians cau.sed Francisco Gomez, the next in command, to abandon the settlement in the spring of 1-527, when he set sail for San Domingo in two vessels, one of which foundered. Of the party only 1.50 reached their destination.

A second expedition sent by Menendez, the Gov- ernor of Horida and nominal Governor of N'irginia, settlerl on the Rappahannock River at a point called Axacan, 10 Sept., 1570. It consisted of Fathers Segura, Vice-Pro\nncial of the Jesuit.s, and Luis de Quiros, six Jesuit brothers, and a few friendly Indians. A log building Her\-ed as chapel and home. Through the treaf-her>' of Don Luis de Velasco, an Indian pilot of Spanish name. Father Quiros and Brothers Solis and Mendez were slain by the Indians, 14 Feb.. 1.571. Four days later were mart\Ted Father Segura, Broth- ers Linares, Redondo, Gabriel, Gomez, and Sancho ZJevalles. Menenrlez, 8*^;veral months later, sailed for Axar;an, where he h:ul eiglit of the murderers hanged; they V>eing converted before death by Father John Rogel, a Jesuit mi.ssionar>'.

Attempts to founrl Catholic settlements in Virginia were made by L/jrd Baltimore in 1629, and Captain

George Brent in 1687. In the spring of 161 Father John Altham, a Jesuit companion of Fath' Andrew "^Tiite, the Mar>-land missionary-, laboure amongst some of the Virginia tribes on the south bj- of the Potomac. Stringent laws were soon enacti in Vir- ginia against Catholics. In 1687 Fathers xlmonds and Ra}-mond were arrested at Norfolk for zeroising their priestly functions. During the last qua or of the eighteenth centun,- the few Catholic settlerat Aquia Creek, near the Potomac, were attended » Father John Carroll and other Jesuit missionaries frn Marj'- land.

American Period. — Rev. Jean Dubois, Terwards third Bishop of New York, accompanied v a few French priests and with letters of introduaon from Lafavette to several piominent Virginia fanaies, came to Norfolk in August, 1791, where he laboied a few

Cathedbal of the Sacred Heabt, Ric^v,:,^

months, and probably left the priests whcame with him. Proceeding to Richmond towards le end of the year, he offered in the House of Deler es, by in- vitation of the General Assembly, the fir,-Ala.ss ever said in the Capital City. His succe-sso at Rich- mond, with interruptions, were the Revs. . C. Mon- grand, Xavier Michel, John McElroj', Jm Baxter, John Mahoney, James Walsh, ThomasLiore, and Fathers Homer and Schreiber.

Tradition tells us that at an early da. probably at the time of the Declaration of Indepenence, Alex- andria had a log chapel with an unknon resident priest. Rev. John Thayer of Boston (se Boston, Archdiocese of) was stationed there in '94. Rev. Francis Neale, who in 1796 con-structed a Alexandria a brick church, erected fourteen years ' er a more suitable church where Fathers Kohlmi.i, Enoch, and Benedict Joseph Fenwick, afterwds second Bishop of Boston, frequently officiated, bout 1796 Rev. James Bushe began the erection of church at Norfolk. His succcs,sfjrs were the Very P/. Leonard Neale, afterwards Archbishop of Baltimo (.«ee BaI/- TiMORE, Archdiocese of). Revs. Miiaol Lacy, Christopher Delaney, Josejih Stokes, Saiiel Cooper, J. Van Horsigh, and A. L. Hitzelberger.

Bishops of Richmond.— (I) Rig)\t Rev. Rrick Kelly, D.D., consecrated first Bishop of Richmcd, 24 Aug.,