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 SCHOOLS

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SCHOOLS

of schools or pupils, but they give sufficiently de- tailed information about each school to make it pos- sible to arrive at fairly exact figures. Of 344 schools, 21S are Catholics: 128 for boys, 84 for girls, and 6 mixed. The school rolls show that Cathohcs num- ber approximately 8,780 boys out of a total of 12,067 and 4.000 girls out of 6,428. These rolls contain the names only of those pupils who are within the Umits of secondary school age, and the total number of pu- pils in the schools is probably 25 per cent greater.

Finance. — The Intermediate Education Act (1878) gave the commissioners, from the funds realized bv the disestablishment of the Protestant Church, £1,000.000, the interest of which was at first their sole income. The Local Taxation Act (1890) in- creased the income of the Board by the addition of the residue of specified excise and customs duties after cer- tain fixed charges had been met. The amount re- ceived from this source was subject to fluctuation, but for several years it showed a downward tendency, and in 1911 the'Government substituted for it a fixed an- nual sum of £46,000, which brings the income of the Commissioners up to £80,000 a year. The Govern- ment further admitted, in 1911, the claim of Irish In- termediate education to an annual parhamentary vote, and if this is made proportional to the corresponding vote in England it should more than double the in- come of the Board.

Prominent Schools. — The following list gives the names of the larger and more important CathoDc schools in Ireland and of the authorities conducting them.

Boys. — Diocesan Colleges conducted by the secular clergy, under the immediate control of the bishops: St. Finian's College, MuUingar; St. Mel's College, Longford; St. Macarten's College, Monaghan; St. Columb's College, Derry; St. IVIalachy's College, Bel- fast; St. Colman's College, NewTy; St. Patrick's Col- lege, Cavan; St. Eunan's College, Letterkenny; Holy Cross College, Clonliffe, Dubhn; St. Peter's College, Wexford; St. Patrick's College, and St. Mary's Lay College, Carlow; St. Kieran's College, Kilkenny; St. Colman's College, Fermoy; St. Finbarr's Seminary, Cork; St. Patrick's College, Thurles; St. Brendan's College, KiUarney; St. Flannan's College, Ennis; St. Munchin's College, Limerick; St. John's College, Waterford; St. Jarlath's College, Tuam; Diocesan Col- lege, Ballaghadereen; St. Joseph's College, Ballina- 8loe; Summerhill College, Shgo ; St. Muredach's Col- lege, Ballina.

Conducted by Rehgious Orders : — Cistercians, Mount Melleray Seminary, attached to the Abbey, Cappoquin; St. Joseph's College, attached to the Ab- bey, Roscrea. Congregation of the Holy Ghost: Black- rock College, Dubhn; Rockwell College, Cashel; St. Mar>''s College, Rathmines, Dublin. Congregation of the Mission {Vincentians}: St. Vincent's College, Castleknock, Dublin; St. Patrick's Training College, for National Teachers (men), Drumcondra, Dubhn; Dominicans, College of St. Thoma,s, Newbridge; So- ciety of Jesus, Clongowes Wood College, Sallins; Bel- vedere College, Dublin; Sacred Heart College, and Mungret College, Limerick; College of St. Ignatius, Galway. Society of Mary (Marists), St. Mary's Col- lege, Dundalk; Catholic University School, Dublin; Christian Brothers, O'Connell Schools, North Rich- mond Street, and several other large schools in Dub- hn; Christian Brothers' College, and Our Lady's Mount, Cork; Chri.stian Schools in Belfa.st, Limerick, and many other centres. Presentation Brothers, Pres- entation Monastery, and Mardyke College, Cork, and several other schools; De La Salle Brothers, Train- ing Ojllege for National Teachers (men), Waterford.

Girls. — The Dominican College, Eccles Street, and the Loreto 0)llege, St. Stephen's Green, Dubhn, be- sides remarkable success in the examinations of the Intermediate Board, won for themselves acknowl- edged eminence, even in competition with men's col-

leges in the late Royal University, and have opened halls in connexion with the National University, St. Mary's, Muckross Park; Sion Hill, Blackrock, Dub- hn; Training College for National Teachers (women), Belfast; Training College for Secondary Teachers, Dubhn, and many other schools. Loreto Nuns, Lo- reto Abbey, Rathfiirnham; schools in Balbriggan, Bray, Dalkey, Gorey, Clonmel, Navan, Mullingar, Letterkenny, Kilkenny, Fermoy. Faithful Compan- ions of Jesus: Laurel Hill Convent, Limerick; St. Mary's Convent, Newtownbarry; Sisters of St. Louis, Monaghan, Carrickmacross, and Kiltimagh. Ursu- lines: Convents of Blackrock, and St. Angela's, Cork; Shgo, Thurles, and Waterford, where, in addition to the school, the Sisters conduct a training college for secondary school teachers. Brigidities: Convents of TuUow, Mountrath, Abbeyleix, and Goresbridge. Sisters of Mercy: in addition to a large number of ele- mentary schools in various parts of Ireland, higher schools in Dundalk, Queenstown, Macroom, and St. Marie's of the Isle, Cork, and in Limerick a Training College for National Teachers (women). Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Mary: Lisburn; Sisters of the Sacred Heart: Mount Anville, Dubhn.

Schools of handicrafts have been established in con- nexion with many of the convents. Among the more important of these are, for lace and crochet: Mercy Convcjits, Dundalk, Ardee, Kilbeggan, Longford, En- niskillen, Queenstown, St. Leha's School, Limerick, Newcastle West, Roscarbery, Dungarvan, Strad- ball3% Claremorris, Westport, Castlebar, Sligo, Ros- common, and Boyle; Poor Clares, Bally jamesduff and Kenmare. Presentation, Thurles, Carrick-on-Suir and Youghal; Sisters of Charily of St. Paul, Kilfinane; Sisters of Charity, Benada Abbey, Co. Mayo, and Fox- ford. Many of these schools, and some others have also hosiery, shirt making, and similar industries, and some, as Foxford, Loughglynn, St. Lelia's, Limerick, Dundrum, and Roscarbery, are centres of much needed industrial life in their several localities.

Seminaries. — The education of students for the secular priesthood is carried on chiefly in Maynooth, which is a national seminary, though many students are sent to the Irish Colleges in Rome and Paris, and a large proportion of the students of Dublin, Cashel, Kildare, Os.sor>', and Waterford receive their whole education in the local seminaries. With these excep- tions, however, the local seminaries confine themselves to the secondary school programme, and send their students to Maynooth or the Continent for their studies in philosophy and theology. Each religious order makes its own provision for the training of its subjects, and candidates for the foreign missions are educated in All Hallows College, and in the seminaries situated in Carlow, Kilkenny, Thurles, and Waterford. (See also Ireland; Christl\n Brothers of Ireland; All Hallows College; Maynooth College.)

Reports on Education (Ireland) Commissions (17!tl, 1810, 1825, 1854, 1879, 1887); Manwil Instruction (Ireland), Report of Com- mission (1897); Intermediate Education (Ireland), Report of Com- mission (1899); Dale, Report on Primary Education (1904); Dalb AND Stephens, Report on Intermediate Education (190,5); Dotle, Essay on Education and the Stale of IreUind (Dublin, 1880); Inter- mediate and Unirersity Education in Ireland, by a Corarnittee of Iri.sh Catholics (Dublin, 1877); Cullen, Pastoral Letters and other Writings (Dublin, 1882); Wyse, Notes on Education Reform in Ireland, compiled by his niece, Winifrede M. Wtse (Water- ford, 1901); Graham Balfour, Educational Systems, Great Britain and Ireland (Oxford, 1903); Brereton, Reports of U. S. Commis.'iioner of Education, vol. I for 1910; Barry O'Brien, Fifty Years of Concessions to Ireland, I (Ix)ndon, 1885); Green, The Making of Ireland and its Undoing (lyondon, 1909); O'Rior- DAN, Reply to Dr. Starkie on School Managers (Dublin, 190.3); Cubby, Reply to Dr. Starkie on School Managers (Dublin, 1903).

Andrew Murphy.

In Scotland. — Catholic education in Scotland dur- ing penal times fared much a.s in England. By 170 the Catholic population had dwindled to some 14,000 communicants, of whom about 2000 survived in the Lowlands (Leslie's report to Propaganda).