Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 13.djvu/629

 SCHOOLS

567

SCHOOLS

hibits striking proof of tlie good faith and fairness of the Catholics, who constitute the great majority: they organize their schools, but never take advantage of their numbers to force Protestants to send their children to CathoUc schools. All persons wishing to teach in public schools under the administration of school commissioners and trustees must obtain diplomas from a normal school or from the Central Board of Examiners. Nevertheless, ministers of re- ligion and members of religious communities of both sexes are exempt from these examinations. Members of teaching orders, after completing their course of studies, make a novitiate of two, three, or four j'ears before receiving their "obedience". This period of normal training exempts them from the e.xamina- tions imposed on lay teachers by the Central Board of Examiners. Primary teaching comprises three degrees: the elementary course (4 years), the inter- mediate course (2 years), and the superior course (2 years). Schools of the first degree are called pri- mary elementary; those of the second, model, or primary intermediate; those of the third, academic, or primary superior. In the following table of statis- tics of elementary education in the Province of Quebec for the year 1909-10, those schools which are subject to the provincial or the municipal Government are classed as "State"; the others, as "Independent".

Schools

Te.vchers

Course

State

Inde- pendent

Lay

Reli- gious

Pupils

Elementary

Primary Interme- diate

Primary Superior

4825

462

74

57

149 128

5054

326 157

631

2178 1440

187,120

95,259 47,259

Totals

5361

334

5537

4249

329,638

The teaching congregations direct a large number of schools, independent or under the control of dif- ferent school commissions. The Christian Brothers have 63 houses in Canada, 51 in the Province of Quebec, 750 brothers and about 23,000 pupils. The following are the other teaching congregations of men: Clerks of St. Viateur, Brothers of Charity, Marist Brothers, Brothers of the Sacred Heart, Brothers of Christian Instruction,, Brothers of St. Gabriel, Brothers of the Cross of Jesus (Diocese of Rimouski). Among the teaching congregations of women are: theUrsulines, with houses in the Dioceses of Quebec, Chicoutimi, Sherbrooke, and Rimouski. There are also Ursulines in the Diocese of Three Rivers; this house was founded by Mgr J.-C. de St- Vallier, second Bishop of Quebec. The Congrega- tion of Notre Dame, founded at Montreal, 30 April, 1657, by Venerable Marguerite Bourgeoys (1620- 1700), possesses 131 houses in Canada and the United States. It numbers 1510 professed sisters, 240 novices, 45 postulants. The Sisters teach 34,000 pupils in 21 dioceses. The Grey Nuns of Montreal, Ottawa, Quebec, and St. Hyacinthe teach a great num- ber of children. The Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary have their mother-house at Montreal and houses both in Canada and in the United States; professed religious, 1257; novices, 110; postulants, 81; estabhshments, 74; parochial schools, 32; pupils, 24,208. Other congregations are: the Ladies of the Sacred Heart, the Sisters of Providence, Sisters of the Good Shepherd, Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Sisters of the Holy Cross and Seven Dolors (544 religious, 14,577 pupils in Canada and the United States), Sisters of St. Anne (63 establishments in the United States and Canada, 19,190 pupils), Sisters of the Assurnption of the Blessed Virgin, Nicolet (414

religious, 49 establishments), Sisters of the Presenta- tion of the Blessed Virgin, Rehgious of Jesus and Mary, Sisters of St. Joseph (St. Hyacinthe), Daughters of Wisdom, Sisters of St. Mary, Franciscans of Mary (Quebec), Sisters of Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Sisters of the Holy Heart of Mary, Sisters of Our Lady of Good Counsel (Chicoutimi), Daughters of Jesus, Sisters of Charity of St. Louis, Rehgious of St. Francis of Assisi. Many of these congregations have mother-houses in the Province of Quebec; they direct a great number of establishments and send mission- aries to the other provinces of the Dominion and to the United States.

There are thirteen art and trade schools in the prin- cipal centres of the Province of Quebec. During the school year 1909-10 there were 56 professors, 2632 boys. Besides the Agricultural Institute at Oka, affil- iated to Laval University, and which is included in the scheme of superior education, there is an agricultural school in connexion with the College of St. Anne de La Pocatiere, in the district of Quebec. There is a man- ual training and agricultural school for girls, under the direction of the Ursulines, at Roberval, Lake St. John district; another at St. Pascal, under the direction of the Sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame. Nor- mal schools were founded in 1856. There are now ten; two for boys and eight for girls. Three normal schools for girls are soon to be opened, so that each diocese of the Province of Quebec; will have its own nor- mal school. The pupils imiiiher tUiO; the professors, 110. There is one Catholic school for the blind (boys and girls), the Nazareth Institute, tlirecfed by the Grey Nuns; fifty-five pupils follow the regular course, under the direction of five professors; many excel in music and in other subjects. The Catholic Deaf and Dumb Institute, for boys, is directed by the Clerks of St. Viateur. The total number of pupils is 135, of whom 89 are instructed by the oral method, 46 by the written and manual alphabet. The work of teach- ing is carried on by 31 professors. The Catholic Deaf and Dumb Institute for girls is directed by the Sisters of Providence; 71 sisters teach 142 pupils. The two methods are in use, but the oral method is employed in instructing almost all the pupils. Former pupils, numbering 115, are engaged in manual labour in these asylums, receiving physical, intellectual, and moral care.

The night-schools, numbering 129, have taught 2546 Catholic pupils. There arc a certain number of industrial schools. The Brothers of Charity direct a reform school (30 religious, 118 boarders). The Sis- ters of the Good Shepherd also have two houses, one at Montreal, the other at Park Laval. A great number of congregations are charged with the instruction of orphans; among the institutions may be mentioned the Orphan Asylum of Montfort, 305 children; Huber- deau, 220. The Fathers of the Society of Mary and the Daughters of Wisdom have charge of these or- phans. All the principal cities have their kinder- garten schools, which are not mentioned in the official reports. They are due to private initiative and are organized by religious communities. There are 21 classical colleges at Quebec, 18 of which are affiliated with Laval University. They were founded by bish- ops, priests, or zealous laymen who understood the needs of the different phases of the national and re- ligious existence. Therein were fostered vocations to the priesthood and the liberal professions. These classical colleges have given Canada eminent men, both in Church and State, who, in the dark hours of its history, have preserved its faith and nationality; they have flourished and are still flourishing, thanks "to the generosity of their founders and former pupils. They receive but $12,643 from the Provincial Legis- lature. The accompanying table of the Catholic col- leges of the Province of Quebec exhibits the dates of their respective foundations as well as the number of pupils and professors in each..